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The list of aircraft carriers of the Soviet Union and Russia includes all aircraft carriers built by, proposed for, or in service with the naval forces of either the Soviet Union or Russia. Although listed as aircraft carriers, none of them (with the exception of the never-built Ulyanovsk ) is a "true" aircraft carrier ( supercarrier ).
Aircraft Carrier Kiev-class: Krechet: 41370 4 2 Officially a "Heavy Aircraft-carrying Cruiser". [116] 1143M 43220 1 [116] 11430E Nuclear Aircraft Carrier Lamantin-class 0 11435 Aircraft Carrier Kuznetsov-class: 1 Officially a "Heavy Aircraft-carrying Cruiser". [117] 11436 0 Incomplete hulk sold to China and completed as Liaoning. 11437
Bulk carrier: 23,169 Scrapped in 2020 [3] Liberty: General cargo 226 Sunk as artificial reef south of Cyprus on 22 May 2009 [4] Matros Pozynich: Crane Marine Contractors 2010 Bulk carrier: 17,025 In active service Monchegorsk: Murmansk Shipping Company: 1983 SA-15 type: 18,627 GT: Scrapped in 2009 [5] Omskiy-205: Marship 1993 Omskiy type: 2,958 ...
Kuznetsov-class aircraft carriers are designated as heavy aircraft-carrying cruisers by the Russian Navy because their main strike armament is long-range anti-ship cruise missiles and the air wing is intended for defensive purposes. The flight deck area of the class is 14,700 square metres (158,000 sq ft), and aircraft takeoff is assisted by a ...
The Kuznetsov-class ships were described by their Soviet builders as Tyazholiy Avianesushchiy Kreyser (TAKR or TAVKR) – "heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser" – intended to support and defend strategic missile-carrying submarines, surface ships, and maritime missile-carrying aircraft of the Soviet fleet.
To attack surface ships at long ranges, the Soviet Navy was unique in deploying large numbers of bombers in a maritime role for use by Naval Aviation. The Kiev class of Soviet aircraft carriers was deployed in the late 1970s and carried up to 30 aircraft including Yak-38 VTOL fighters.
The Soviet Navy, and the Russian Navy which inherited its traditions, had a different attitude to operational status than many Western navies. Ships went to sea less and maintained capability for operations while staying in harbor. [1] The significant changes which followed the collapse of the Soviet Union then complicated the picture enormously.
Vessels which meet the criteria of an aircraft carrier but are named as cruisers (or destroyers, etc.) for political or treaty reasons such as the Russian Kuznetsov-class aircraft carriers or British Invincible-class aircraft carriers are included however.