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The largest socioethnic groups in the region are Egyptians, [3] Arabs, Turks, Persians, Kurds, and Azerbaijanis [4] but there are dozens of other ethnic groups that have hundreds of thousands, and sometimes millions of members.
Although initiated by the Arabs, the conversion of the Turks to Islam was filtered through Persian and Central Asian culture. Under the Umayyads , most were domestic servants, whilst under the Abbasid Caliphate , increasing numbers were trained as soldiers. [ 127 ]
It was this Persian Islam, rather than the original Arab Islam, that was brought to new areas and new peoples: to the Turks, first in Central Asia and then in the Middle East in the country which came to be called Turkey, and of course to India. The Ottoman Turks brought a form of Iranian civilization to the walls of Vienna.
[270] Medieval Arab and Persian descriptions of Turks state that they looked strange from their perspective and were extremely physically different from Arabs. Turks were described as "broad faced people with small eyes", having light-colored, often reddish hair, and with pink skin, [271] as being "short, with small eyes, nostrils, and mouths ...
In pre-Islamic Arabia, there were many Arabs who lived in the cultural sphere of Persia and thus used Persian as their written language. They were referred to as Persian Arabs (Arabic: العرب الفرس Al-‘Arab al-Furs). [5] At the time of the Sasanian Empire, there was a notable Arab-Persian community called Al-Abnaʾ (الأبناء, lit.
Present-day name Azerbaijan is the Arabicized form of Āzarpāyegān (Persian: آذرپایگان) meaning 'the guardians of fire' later becoming Azerbaijan (Persian: آذربایجان) due to the phonemic shift from /p/ to /b/ and /g/ to /dʒ/ which is a result of the medieval Arabic influences that followed the Arab invasion of Iran, and is ...
The Arabs conquered the Sassanid Empire of the Persians and seized much of the Byzantine Empire ... The Ottoman Turks integrated Persian into their court, governance ...
In this nationalist vision of Turkish identity, language was supreme, and religion was relegated to a subordinate role. Arabs responded by asserting the superiority of Arabic language, describing Turkish as a "mongrel" language that had borrowed heavily from the Persian and Arabic languages. Through the policy of Turkification, the Young Turk ...