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A recreated map of Paris in 1380. In the middle of the 14th century, Paris was struck by two great catastrophes: the Bubonic plague and the Hundred Years' War. In the first epidemic of the plague in 1348–1349, forty to fifty thousand Parisians died, a quarter of the population. The plague returned in 1360–1361, 1363, and 1366–1368.
The Sûreté, the investigative bureau of the Paris police, founded by Eugène François Vidocq. 1 March – Water from Paris fountains is made free of charge. 1814 30 March – The Battle of Paris. The city is defended by Marmont and Mortier, and is surrendered at 2 a.m. on 31 March.
City 7000 6500 – 6000 5000 4000 3800 3000 – 2500 2000 1600 1300 1000 700 600 500 – 400 300 200 100 – 1 Athens: 10,000 – 15,000 2,500 – 5,000
Paris (French pronunciation: ⓘ) is the capital and largest city of France.With an estimated population of 2,102,650 residents in January 2023 [2] in an area of more than 105 km 2 (41 sq mi), [5] Paris is the fourth-most populous city in the European Union, the ninth-most populous city in Europe and the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2022. [6]
The Turgot map in its assembled form. The Turgot map of Paris (French: Plan de Turgot) is a highly accurate and detailed map of the city of Paris, France, as it existed in the 1730s. The map was commissioned by Parisian municipality chief Michel-Étienne Turgot, drawn up by surveyor Louis Bretez, and engraved by Claude Lucas.
In his book City Economics, Brendan O'Flaherty asserts "Cities could persist—as they have for thousands of years—only if their advantages offset the disadvantages". [7] O'Flaherty illustrates two similar attracting advantages known as increasing returns to scale and economies of scale , which are concepts usually associated with businesses .
Much of the remaining building stone was reused in the city wall of Paris constructed by Philippe-Auguste in the 12th century. [ 25 ] The site was discovered in 1867-68 during the construction of Rue Monge by Louis-Napoleon, and excavations were begun in 1870.
Paris in the 18th century was the second-largest city in Europe, after London, with a population of about 600,000 people. The century saw the construction of Place Vendôme, the Place de la Concorde, the Champs-Élysées, the church of Les Invalides, and the Panthéon, and the founding of the Louvre Museum.