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This supports the hypothesis that K2-18b could indeed have a water ocean. The same observations also suggest that K2-18b's atmosphere might contain dimethyl sulfide, a compound associated with life on Earth, although this has yet to be confirmed. [19] Another possibility is that K2-18b is a lava world with a hydrogen atmosphere. [20]
The predominant model suggests that heat from tidal flexing causes the ocean to remain liquid and drives ice movement similar to plate tectonics, absorbing chemicals from the surface into the ocean below. [19] [20] Sea salt from a subsurface ocean may be coating some geological features on Europa, suggesting that the ocean is interacting with ...
Jupiter's helium abundance is 80% of the Sun's, similar to Saturn's composition. The ongoing contraction of Jupiter's interior generates more heat than the planet receives from the Sun. Its internal structure is believed to consist of an outer mantle of fluid metallic hydrogen and a diffuse inner core of denser material.
Jupiter, too, has trace amounts of hydrogen sulfide in its atmosphere. This planet is about 10% larger than Jupiter in diameter and mass. In addition to detecting hydrogen sulfide, a sulfur ...
The methane abundance relative to molecular hydrogen in the stratosphere is about 10 −4, [16] while the abundance ratio of other light hydrocarbons, like ethane and acetylene, to molecular hydrogen is about 10 −6. [16] Jupiter's thermosphere is located at pressures lower than 1 μbar and demonstrates such phenomena as airglow, polar aurorae ...
A proposal has been made that life on Mars may exist and be using a mixture of water and hydrogen peroxide as its solvent. [79] A 61.2% (by mass) mix of water and hydrogen peroxide has a freezing point of −56.5 °C and tends to super-cool rather than crystallize.
A cold hydrogen-rich gas giant more massive than Jupiter but less than about 500 M E (1.6 M J) will only be slightly larger in volume than Jupiter. [9] For masses above 500 M E, gravity will cause the planet to shrink (see degenerate matter). [9] Kelvin–Helmholtz heating can cause a gas giant to radiate more energy than it receives from its ...
Scientists' consensus is that a layer of liquid water exists beneath the surface of Europa, a moon of Jupiter and that heat from tidal flexing allows the subsurface ocean to remain liquid. [19] It is estimated that the outer crust of solid ice is approximately 10–30 km (6–19 mi) thick, including a ductile "warm ice" layer, which could mean ...