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In a reciprocating engine, the use of water injection, also called anti-detonation injection or ADI, is used to prevent engine knocking also known as "detonation". [3] Commonly found on large radial engines with pressure carburetors , it is a mixture of water and alcohol injected into the carburetor at high power settings.
Selection of water injection engine ratings (Lift Wet/Short Lift Wet) results in an increase in the engine speed and jet pipe temperature limits beyond the respective dry (non-injected) ratings (Lift Dry/Short Lift Dry). Upon exhausting the available water supply in the tank, the limits are reset to the 'dry' levels.
The General Electric/Allison J33 is an American centrifugal-flow jet engine, a development of the General Electric J31, enlarged to produce significantly greater thrust, starting at 4,000 lbf (18 kN) and ending at 4,600 lbf (20 kN) with an additional low-altitude boost to 5,400 lbf (24 kN) with water-alcohol injection.
The engine was produced from 1951 to 1965 with a total of 21,170 built. Many J57 models shipped since 1954 contained 7-15% of titanium, by dry weight. Commercially pure titanium was used in the inlet case and low-pressure compressor case, whereas the low-pressure rotor assembly was made up of 6Al-4V titanium alloy blades, discs and disc spacers.
In 1959, important orders for the engine were the Boeing 707-120B and Boeing 720B when American Airlines ordered one 707 powered by JT3D turbofans and KLM ordered a JT3D-powered Douglas DC-8. Earlier 707s and DC-8s had been powered by the JT3C and JT4A turbojets, and the improved efficiency of the turbofan soon attracted the airlines.
Preventing Cardiovascular Disease. The development of cardiovascular disease is strongly associated with your lifestyle habits. You can minimize your chances of developing cardiovascular disease by:
Water injection was a common method used to increase thrust, usually during takeoff, in early turbojets that were thrust-limited by their allowable turbine entry temperature. The water increased thrust at the temperature limit, but prevented complete combustion, often leaving a very visible smoke trail.
To cut back on salt, fat, and sugar, consider skipping the fries and opting for a seltzer water instead of a soda. Another great option: Egg and Cheese Croissan'wich . Burger King.