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The Jane Schaffer method is a formula for essay writing that is taught in some U.S. middle schools and high schools.Developed by a San Diego teacher named Jane Schaffer, who started offering training and a 45-day curriculum in 1995, it is intended to help students who struggle with structuring essays by providing a framework.
No points were taken away for blank answers. However, the College Board discontinued the policy for all AP Exams in 2011; now, they only award 1 point for each correct answer, with no 1/4 point deductions. The free-response section is scored individually by hundreds of educators each June. Each essay is assigned a score from 0–6, 6 being high.
The College Board publishes changing information about all AP courses and examinations on its web site. On one of the three essays students write as part of the examination, students choose a work of literature they will write about. Readers of the exam who get an essay on a work they have not read typically pass the essay to a reader who has.
This longstanding critical method dates back at least to the Renaissance period, [5] and was employed extensively by Samuel Johnson in his Lives of the Poets (1779–81). [ 6 ] Like any critical methodology, biographical criticism can be used with discretion and insight or employed as a superficial shortcut to understanding the literary work on ...
Literary criticism was influenced by the values and stylistic writing, including clear, bold, precise writing and the more controversial criteria of the author's religious beliefs. [12] These critical reviews were published in many magazines, newspapers, and journals. The commercialization of literature and its mass production had its downside.
Many high school seniors struggle with the kind of writing college admission essays demand, Wilkerson says. “It’s not the same as writing a persuasive essay or analyzing a book,” she said.
In literary criticism, close reading is the careful, sustained interpretation of a brief passage of a text. A close reading emphasizes the single and the particular over the general, via close attention to individual words, the syntax, the order in which the sentences unfold ideas, as well as formal structures.
Historical criticism (also known as the historical-critical method (HCM) or higher criticism, [1] in contrast to lower criticism or textual criticism [2]) is a branch of criticism that investigates the origins of ancient texts to understand "the world behind the text" [3] and emphasizes a process that "delays any assessment of scripture's truth and relevance until after the act of ...