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In jazz theory, an avoid note is a scale degree which is considered especially dissonant relative to the harmony implied by the root chord, and is thus better avoided. In major-key tonality the avoid note is the fourth diatonic scale step , or 11th, which is a minor ninth above the 3rd of the chord, and thus very harsh. [ 1 ]
For example, in major-key harmony the 4th, and thus the 11th, is an avoid note and is therefore either treated as a passing tone or is augmented (raised a semitone). [4] Avoid notes are often a minor second (or a minor ninth) above a chord tone [5] or a perfect fourth above the root of the chord. [6]
(Note: the root C is omitted here, and is often done so by jazz pianists for ease of playing, or because a bass player is present.) Example 2 : The following example illustrates the notes of an F ♯ minor triad functioning as part of a C 13 ♭ 9 ♯ 11 chord (C major chord with a minor 7th, minor 9th, augmented 11th, and major 13th):
Students now typically learn as many as twenty-one scales, which may be compared with the four scales commonly used in jazz in the 1940s (major, minor, mixolydian, and blues) and the two later added by bebop (diminished and whole-tone) to the tonal resources of jazz. [8] The corresponding scale for the C 7 ♯ 11 chord, with added ninth and ...
As it contains the notes and alterations (I, ♭ 9, m3/ ♯ 9, M3, ♭ 5/ ♯ 11, ♭ 13, m7), it is particularly important in the jazz harmonic idiom, notably as a V chord in a minor key. For our example key of C-minor, the V chord is G7, so the improviser would draw upon the G7 altered scale (mode VII of the A ♭ melodic minor). A complete ...
"The number of the notes that make up a scale as well as the quality of the intervals between successive notes of the scale help to give the music of a culture area its peculiar sound quality." [6] "The pitch distances or intervals among the notes of a scale tell us more about the sound of the music than does the mere number of tones." [7]
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The term side-slipping or side-stepping has been used to describe several similar yet distinct methods of playing outside. In one version, one plays only the five "'wrong'" non-scale notes for the given chord and none of the seven scale or three to four chord tones, given that there are twelve notes in the equal tempered scale and heptatonic scales are generally used. [3]