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Piranha solution, also known as piranha etch, is a mixture of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The resulting mixture is used to clean organic residues off substrates, for example silicon wafers. [1] Because the mixture is a strong oxidizing agent, it will decompose most organic matter, and it will also hydroxylate most ...
The laboratory scale preparation of Caro's acid involves the combination of chlorosulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide: [5]. H 2 O 2 + ClSO 2 OH ⇌ H 2 SO 5 + HCl. Published patents include more than one reaction for preparation of Caro's acid, usually as an intermediate for the production of potassium monopersulfate (PMPS), a bleaching and oxidizing agent.
Green death. Green death is a solution used to test the resistance of metals and alloys to corrosion. It consists of a mixture of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, iron (III) chloride and copper (II) chloride and its boiling point is at approximately 103 °C. Its typical chemical composition is given in the table hereafter: [1] [2] [3] [4]
The optional second step (for bare silicon wafers) is a short immersion in a 1:100 or 1:50 solution of aqueous HF (hydrofluoric acid) at 25 °C for about fifteen seconds, in order to remove the thin oxide layer and some fraction of ionic contaminants. If this step is performed without ultra high purity materials and ultra clean containers, it ...
Although nearly 100% sulfuric acid solutions can be made, the subsequent loss of SO 3 at the boiling point brings the concentration to 98.3% acid. The 98.3% grade, which is more stable in storage, is the usual form of what is described as "concentrated sulfuric acid".
Aqua regia (/ ˈreɪɡiə, ˈriːdʒiə /; from Latin, "regal water" or "royal water") is a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, optimally in a molar ratio of 1:3. [b] Aqua regia is a fuming liquid. Freshly prepared aqua regia is colorless, but it turns yellow, orange or red within seconds from the formation of nitrosyl chloride and ...
A safety data sheet (SDS), [1] material safety data sheet (MSDS), or product safety data sheet (PSDS) is a document that lists information relating to occupational safety and health for the use of various substances and products. SDSs are a widely used type of fact sheet used to catalogue information on chemical species including chemical ...
The acid is prepared by the reaction of chlorosulfuric acid with hydrogen peroxide: [3]. 2 ClSO 3 H + H 2 O 2 → H 2 S 2 O 8 + 2 HCl. Another method is the electrolysis of moderately concentrated sulfuric acid (60-70%) with platinum electrodes at high current density and voltage: