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Pinacol rearrangement. The pinacol–pinacolone rearrangement is a method for converting a 1,2-diol to a carbonyl compound in organic chemistry. The 1,2-rearrangement takes place under acidic conditions. The name of the rearrangement reaction comes from the rearrangement of pinacol to pinacolone. [1]
Leaving group. In chemistry, a leaving group is defined by the IUPAC as an atom or group of atoms that detaches from the main or residual part of a substrate during a reaction or elementary step of a reaction. [1] However, in common usage, the term is often limited to a fragment that departs with a pair of electrons in heterolytic bond cleavage ...
In abstract algebra, a partially ordered group is a group ( G, +) equipped with a partial order "≤" that is translation-invariant; in other words, "≤" has the property that, for all a, b, and g in G, if a ≤ b then a + g ≤ b + g and g + a ≤ g + b . An element x of G is called positive if 0 ≤ x. The set of elements 0 ≤ x is often ...
In mathematics, a cyclically ordered group is a set with both a group structure and a cyclic order, such that left and right multiplication both preserve the cyclic order. Cyclically ordered groups were first studied in depth by Ladislav Rieger in 1947. [1] They are a generalization of cyclic groups: the infinite cyclic group Z and the finite ...
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Carbonyl reduction. Oxidation ladders such as this one are used to illustrate sequences of carbonyls which can be interconverted through oxidations or reductions. In organic chemistry, carbonyl reduction is the conversion of any carbonyl group, usually to an alcohol. It is a common transformation that is practiced in many ways. [1]
Epoxide. In organic chemistry, an epoxide is a cyclic ether, where the ether forms a three-atom ring: two atoms of carbon and one atom of oxygen. This triangular structure has substantial ring strain, making epoxides highly reactive, more so than other ethers. They are produced on a large scale for many applications.
The half-life of a first-order reaction is often expressed as t 1/2 = 0.693/k (as ln(2)≈0.693). Fractional order [ edit ] In fractional order reactions, the order is a non-integer, which often indicates a chemical chain reaction or other complex reaction mechanism .