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King of Poland in tournament attire, ca. 1433-1435. The princely houses of Poland and Lithuania differed from other princely houses in Europe. The Polish and Lithuanian nobility (szlachta) could not be granted noble titles by the King in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as hereditary titles, with some exceptions, were largely forbidden.
The House of Radziwiłł (Polish pronunciation: [raˈd͡ʑiviww]; Lithuanian: Radvila; Belarusian: Радзівіл, romanized: Radzivił; German: Radziwill) is a Polish princely family of Lithuanian origin, and one of the most powerful magnate families originating from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later also prominent in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.
Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16th to 18th centuries).
This list is not complete because in the 19th century Poland was a divided kingdom, between the Russian, the Austrian and the German Empires. Polish-Lithuanian magnates 1576-1586 Princes
The privileges of the szlachta (Poland 's nobility) formed a cornerstone of "Golden Liberty" in the Kingdom of Poland (before 1569) and, later, in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569-1795). Most szlachta privileges were obtained between the late-14th and early-16th centuries. By the end of that period, the szlachta had succeeded in ...
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. After Polish–Lithuanian unions, aristocratic titles of the Lithuanian nobility and Ruthenian nobility (Polish: kniaź, Ruthenian: knyaz, Lithuanian: kunigaikštis) were preserved. The title książę was used to translate foreign titles of prince or duke. Polish magnates readily accepted the foreign ...
Czartoryski. The House of Czartoryski (feminine form: Czartoryska, plural: Czartoryscy; Lithuanian: Čartoriskiai) is a Polish princely family of Lithuanian [3] - Ruthenian [4] origin, also known as the Familia. The family, which derived their kin from the Gediminids dynasty, [5][6] by the mid-17th century had split into two branches, based in ...
The House of Sapieha ([saˈpʲjɛxa]; Belarusian: Сапега, romanized: Sapieha; Russian: Сапега, romanized: Sapega; Lithuanian: Sapiega) is a Polish-Lithuanian noble and magnate family of Ruthenian origin, [1][2][3] descending from the medieval boyars of Smolensk and Polotsk. [1][4] The family acquired great influence and wealth in ...