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Indian philosophy refers to ancient philosophical traditions (Sanskrit: dárśana; 'world views', 'teachings') [4] of the Indian subcontinent. Hinduism may have roots dating back to the times of the Indus Valley civilization. [5][6][7] The major orthodox schools arose sometime between the start of the Common Era and the Gupta Empire. [8]
In sociology, the East–West dichotomy is the perceived difference between the Eastern and the Western worlds. Cultural and religious rather than geographical in division, the boundaries of East and West are not fixed, but vary according to the criteria adopted by individuals using the term. Used in discussing such studies as management ...
t. e. Western philosophy refers to the philosophical thought, traditions and works of the Western world. Historically, the term refers to the philosophical thinking of Western culture, beginning with the ancient Greek philosophy of the pre-Socratics. The word philosophy itself originated from the Ancient Greek philosophía (φιλοσοφία ...
Philosophy of history is the philosophical study of history and its discipline. [1] The term was coined by the French philosopher Voltaire. [2] In contemporary philosophy a distinction has developed between the speculative philosophy of history and the critical philosophy of history, now referred to as analytic. [3][4][5][6][7] The split ...
The term "Western" encompasses the social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems, artifacts and technologies primarily rooted in European and Mediterranean histories. A broad concept, "Western culture" does not relate to a region with fixed members or geographical confines.
Mind in eastern philosophy. A phrenological mapping [1] of the brain – phrenology was among the first attempts to correlate mental functions with specific parts of the brain although it is now largely discredited. The study of the mind in Eastern philosophy has parallels to the Western study of the Philosophy of mind as a branch of philosophy ...
e. Nondualism includes a number of philosophical and spiritual traditions that emphasize the absence of fundamental duality or separation in existence. [1] This viewpoint questions the boundaries conventionally imposed between self and other, mind and body, observer and observed, [2] and other dichotomies that shape our perception of reality.
ISBN. 0-415-32505-6. History of Western Philosophy[a] is a 1946 book by British philosopher Bertrand Russell (1872–1970). A survey of Western philosophy from the pre-Socratic philosophers to the early 20th century, each major division of the book is prefaced by an account of the historical background necessary to understand the currents of ...