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Encephalitis (en-sef-uh-LIE-tis) is inflammation of the brain. It can be caused by viral or bacterial infections, or by immune cells mistakenly attacking the brain. Viruses that can lead to encephalitis can be spread by insects such as mosquitos and ticks.
Bacterial or fungal encephalitis: Encephalitis from bacterial or fungal infections is the least common type of the condition. In autoimmune encephalitis, your immune system mistakenly attacks your brain, causing inflammation that may affect how your brain works.
Bacterial meningoencephalitis: This condition comes from a bacterial infection. Neisseria meningitides (meningococcal disease), Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b are the most common causes of bacterial meningoencephalitis.
Serious illness associated with encephalitis is usually severe and relatively sudden, so seek emergency medical care. Your healthcare team will likely include specialists in infectious diseases and in the brain and nervous system, known as neurologists.
Symptoms of encephalitis. People with encephalitis often show mild flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, headache, or body aches. However, many people do not have any symptoms of encephalitis. In other cases, people may experience: Speech or hearing problems. Double vision or vision loss. Sudden and/or high fever. Hallucinations.
Symptoms of encephalitis vary depending on the affected area of the brain, but often include headache, sensitivity to light, stiff neck, mental confusion and seizures. It’s important to see a doctor promptly if you are experiencing symptoms, which may not seem troubling at the time.
Encephalitis symptoms vary depending on where the brain inflammation occurs. Learn about autoimmune, viral, and bacterial encephalitis treatment.
Encephalitis is a rare yet serious disease that can be life-threatening. You should call your doctor immediately if you have symptoms of encephalitis. What are the symptoms of encephalitis? The...
The symptoms rapidly worsen, and there may be seizures, confusion, drowsiness, loss of consciousness, and even coma. Most people with mild cases of encephalitis can make a full recovery....
Patients present with acute to subacute onset of altered mental status; typical features include fever, headache, seizures, and focal neurological signs. Initial investigations should always include blood cultures, neuroimaging (preferably magnetic resonance imaging), and cerebrospinal fluid analysis (unless contraindicated).