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Focal neurological deficits may be caused by a variety of medical conditions such as head trauma, [1] tumors or stroke; or by various diseases such as meningitis or encephalitis or as a side effect of certain medications such as those used in anesthesia. [2] Neurological soft signs are a group of non-focal neurologic signs. [3]
Epidemiological studies and meta-analysis have shown higher rates of depression and anxiety in patients with FND compared to the general population, but rates are similar to patients with other neurological disorders such as epilepsy or Parkinson's disease. This is often the case because of years of misdiagnosis and accusations of malingering.
Early myoclonic epileptic encephalopathy (possibly due to metabolic disorders). Gluten encephalopathy: Focal abnormalities of the white matter (generally area of low perfusion) are appreciated through magnetic resonance. Migraine is the most common symptom reported.
There were no focal neurological signs or deficits during or after the attack. There were no features of epilepsy, or active epilepsy in the past two years, and the patient did not have any recent head injury. The attack resolved within 24 hours.
A person experiencing a TEA episode has very little short-term memory, so that there is profound difficulty remembering events in the past few minutes (anterograde amnesia), or of events in the hours before the onset of the attack, and even memories of important events in recent years may not be accessible during the amnestic event (retrograde amnesia). [6]
A ruptured microaneurysm may cause an intracerebral hemorrhage, presenting as a focal neurological deficit. [12] Rebleeding, hydrocephalus (the excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid), vasospasm (spasm, or narrowing, of the blood vessels), or multiple aneurysms may also occur. The risk of rupture from a cerebral aneurysm varies according ...
Less common causes of expressive aphasia include primary autoimmune phenomenon and autoimmune phenomenon that are secondary to cancer (as a paraneoplastic syndrome) have been listed as the primary hypothesis for several cases of aphasia, especially when presenting with other psychiatric disturbances and focal neurological deficits. Many case ...
An anxiety disorder is anxiety or fear that interferes with normal functioning may be classified as an anxiety disorder. [40] Commonly recognized categories include specific phobias , generalized anxiety disorder , social anxiety disorder , panic disorder , agoraphobia , obsessive–compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder .