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Histomoniasis is a commercially significant disease of poultry, particularly of chickens and turkeys, due to parasitic infection of a protozoan, Histomonas meleagridis.The protozoan is transmitted to the bird by the nematode parasite Heterakis gallinarum.
Poultry diseases occur in poultry, which are domesticated birds kept for their meat, eggs or feathers. [1] Poultry species include the chicken , turkey , duck , goose and ostrich . [ 1 ]
Heterakis gallinarum is a nematode parasite that lives in the cecum of some galliform birds, particularly in ground feeders such as domestic chickens and turkeys. It causes infection that is mildly pathogenic. However, it often carries a protozoan parasite Histomonas meleagridis which causes of histomoniasis (blackhead disease).
Dermanyssus gallinae (also known as the red mite) is a haematophagous ectoparasite of poultry.It has been implicated as a vector of several major pathogenic diseases. [1] [2] Despite its common names, it has a wide range of hosts including several species of wild birds and mammals, including humans, where the condition it causes is called gamasoidosis.
In 2005, Trichomonas gallinae was first recognized as a cause of disease in British finches, with greenfinch and chaffinch most affected, although a range of garden birds have been found to be susceptible to the parasite. [4] [5] An outbreak in 2017 in Northern France concerned two species, the greenfinch and the goldfinch. [6]
It causes chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys, chickens, game birds, pigeons, and passerine birds of all ages. [1] [2] Mycoplasma gallisepticum is a significant pathogen in poultry. Mycoplasmosis is the disease caused by infection with mycoplasmas. Mycoplasmas have many defining characteristics.
The disease affects all ages of chickens. The disease can persist in the flock for 2-3 weeks and signs of the disease are seen 1–3 days after infection. Transmission of the disease is through direct interaction, airborne droplets, and drinking contaminated water. Chickens having infection and those carriers contribute highly to the disease ...
Heterakis is a genus of parasitic nematodes. Members of the genus are minute roundworms ( pinworms ), hardly 1 cm long, infecting different species of gallinaceous birds , including chickens , turkeys , ducks , geese , grouse , guineafowl , partridges , pheasants , and quail .