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Explorations of women's roles in society began to appear in comics in the 1970s, while women also began to appear as more three dimensional people and less as pure sex objects. Women were often portrayed as chaste, saintly figures who submitted to male authority in government approved domestic films.
If women did not take or pass these classes, they were denied these opportunities. [3] A 28 December 1939 decree officially put the Women's Section of Falange in charge of preparing women for their role in the Spanish state as mothers and homemakers. [5] The Women's Section of the Falange represented the elite women of Spain. [5]
The policy of the Franco regime with regard to women was a huge setback for the Republic as it set out to impose the traditional Catholic family model based on the total subordination of the wife to her husband and reduce them back to the domestic sphere as it had been proclaimed in the Labor Charter of 1938 in order "to free the married woman ...
Starting in the 1960s, women's groups and feminists organizations began to emerge. [1] [36] Women's associations were tolerated by the regime but were not completely legal. [1] Many met clandestinely, and they were few in number. [36] This began to change when in 1964, women's associations were legally allowed.
Women in Francoist Spain (1939–1978) were the last generation of women to not be afforded full equality under the 1978 Spanish Constitution. [1] Women during this period found traditional Catholic Spanish gender roles being imposed on them, in terms of their employment opportunities and role in the family.
This largely excluded women, as only widowed women were generally considered heads of household. [5] Women's suffrage also changed because of rules around the age of majority and the voting age. [6] [7] The age of majority for women became 23 as a result of the imposition of the reintroduction of the Civil Code of 1889, Article 321. This ...
Francoism professed a devotion to the traditional role of a woman in society; that is, being a loving daughter and sister to her parents and brothers, being a faithful wife to her husband, and residing with her family. Official propaganda confined the role of women to family care and motherhood. [58]
During the 1960s in Mexico, Purificación Tomás played a leading role among exiled socialist women. She was in charge of organizing the IX Congreso of PSOE in Mexico in 1964. [12] Purificación Tomás created the Secretariado Femenino, with the goal of integrating women's issues into the broader Spanish socialist movement.