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[6] Krueger primarily studies the comorbidity between personality disorders and anxiety, as well as twins, heritability, personality development, conduct disorder, and antisocial personality disorder. [7] Krueger received the American Psychological Association's Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology in 2005.
FNE has been suggested to have some genetic component, as are other personality characteristics such as trait anxiousness, submissiveness, and social avoidance. Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNE) scores have been found to have a genetic component in twin studies.
The divisions include one scale for adults (AMA-A), one scale for college students (AMAS-C), and the other for the elderly population (AMAS-E). Each scale is geared towards examining situations specific to that age group. For example, the AMAS-C has items pertaining specifically to college students, such as questions about anxiety of the future.
A large part of the evidence collected linking genetics and the environment to personality have come from twin studies. This "twin method" compares levels of similarity in personality using genetically identical twins. One of the first of these twin studies measured 800 pairs of twins, studied numerous personality traits, and determined that ...
The correlations between the specific anxiety scale (anxious arousal) in the MASQ and NA were moderate (rs= .41 and .47), supporting that NA is specific to anxiety disorders, congruent with the tripartite model. [10] Another study consisted of a sample of children (ages 7–14) diagnosed with a principal anxiety disorder.
The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a formative assessment and rating scale of anxiety. This self-report inventory, or 21-item questionnaire uses a scale (social sciences); the BAI is an ordinal scale; more specifically, a Likert scale that measures the scale quality of magnitude of anxiety. [1]
While not originally defined as a theory of personality, the RST has been used to study and predict anxiety, impulsivity, and extraversion. [1] The theory evolved from Gray's biopsychological theory of personality to incorporate findings from a number of areas in psychology and neuroscience, culminating in a major revision in 2000. [2]
Psychological scales have been designed to measure these hypothesized systems and study individual differences in personality. [6] Neuroticism, a widely studied personality dimension related to emotional functioning, is positively correlated with BIS scales and negatively correlated with BAS scales. [7]
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