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Post-nominal Abbreviation Agency or Description Juris Doctor: J.D. An academic, not a professional designation. Identifies a person who has obtained the academic degree Juris Doctor or Doctor of Jurisprudence, which are different names for the same professional degree in law.
Such citations and abbreviations are found in court decisions, statutes, regulations, journal articles, books, and other documents. Below is a basic list of very common abbreviations. Because publishers adopt different practices regarding how abbreviations are printed, one may find abbreviations with or without periods for each letter.
A Juris Doctor, Doctor of Jurisprudence, [1] or Doctor of Law [2] (JD) is a graduate-entry professional degree that primarily prepares individuals to practice law. In the United States , it is the only qualifying law degree.
A law degree is an academic degree conferred for studies in law. Some law degrees are professional degrees that are prerequisites or serve as preparation for legal careers. These generally include the Bachelor of Civil Law, Bachelor of Laws, and Juris Doctor. Law degrees that are not part of a professional pathway to legal practice include the ...
Degrees and diplomas, first grouped according to the corresponding Australian Qualifications Framework levels and ordered from lowest-to-highest, then in chronological order within those groups, [2] Fellowships then memberships of professional and academic bodies, Parliamentary and military designations. Full-stops are not usually used in ...
[40] [41] Similar to the Ph.D., the S.J.D. is a research doctorate and has been described as the "highest degree in law" by the University of Virginia, [42] as well as the "terminal degree in law for individuals interested in academia" by Indiana University [43] and the "most advanced law degree" by Harvard Law School. [44]
CFA Charterholder (CFA Institute) CFA: Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries: FIA: Chartered Accountant: ACA, FCA Chartered Certified Accountant: ACCA, FCCA Certified Public Accountant: CPA: Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) ACMA, FCMA Accounting Technician (Accounting Technicians Ireland - formerly called IATI) MIATI
Legal education is typically received through a law school program. The professional degree granted by U.S. law schools is the Juris Doctor (J.D.). Prospective lawyers who have been awarded the J.D. (or other appropriate credential), must fulfill additional, state-specific requirements in order to gain admission to the bar in the United States.