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Isopropylamine can be obtained by reaction of isopropyl alcohol with ammonia in presence of a catalyst: [3] (CH 3) 2 CHOH + NH 3 → (CH 3) 2 CHNH 2 + H 2 O. Isopropylamine is a building block for the preparation of many herbicides and pesticides including atrazine, bentazon, glyphosate, imazapyr, ametryne, desmetryn, prometryn, pramitol, dipropetryn, propazine, fenamiphos, and iprodione. [3]
Roundup is used most heavily on corn, soy, and cotton crops that have been genetically modified to withstand the chemical, but as of 2012 glyphosate treated approximately 5 million acres in California for crops like almond, peach, cantaloupe, onion, cherry, sweet corn, and citrus, [78] although the product is only applied directly to certain ...
The main commercial applications of diisopropylamine is as a precursor to the herbicide, diallate and triallate as well as certain sulfenamides used in the vulcanization of rubber. [7] It is also used to prepare N,N-diisopropylethylamine (Hünig's base) by alkylation with diethyl sulfate. [8]
Monsanto developed and patented the use of glyphosate to kill weeds in the early 1970s and first brought it to market in 1974 under the Roundup brandname. [27] [28] While its initial patent [29] expired in 1991, Monsanto retained exclusive rights in the United States until its patent [30] on the isopropylamine salt expired in September 2000. [31]
In the early 1990s, theoretical studies and electron diffraction analysis of the 3D structure of the molecule, in the gas phase or in non-polar solvents, indicated that the bonds between the nitrogen atom and the three carbon atoms were nearly coplanar in the ground state, instead of forming a trigonal pyramid as in simpler amines.
Imazapyr is a non-selective herbicide used for the control of a broad range of weeds including terrestrial annual and perennial grasses and broadleaved herbs, woody species, and riparian and emergent aquatic species. [1] It is used to control annual and perennial grass and broadleaved weeds, brush, vines and many deciduous trees.
DIPEA is a sterically hindered organic base that is commonly employed as a proton scavenger. Thus, like 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and triethylamine, DIPEA is a good base but a poor nucleophile, DIPEA has low solubility in water, which makes it very easily recovered in commercial processes, a combination of properties that makes it a useful organic reagent.
OPA is a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and isopropylamine that is used in the production of the sarin nerve agent. The mixture reacts with methylphosphonyl difluoride to produce sarin. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]