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The Catmull–Clark algorithm is a technique used in 3D computer graphics to create curved surfaces by using subdivision surface modeling. It was devised by Edwin Catmull and Jim Clark in 1978 as a generalization of bi-cubic uniform B-spline surfaces to arbitrary topology .
For any surface embedded in Euclidean space of dimension 3 or higher, it is possible to measure the length of a curve on the surface, the angle between two curves and the area of a region on the surface. This structure is encoded infinitesimally in a Riemannian metric on the surface through line elements and area elements.
The generators of any ruled surface coalesce with one family of its asymptotic lines. For developable surfaces they also form one family of its lines of curvature. It can be shown that any developable surface is a cone, a cylinder, or a surface formed by all tangents of a space curve. [5] Developable connection of two ellipses and its development
The external surface area A of the cap equals r2 only if solid angle of the cone is exactly 1 steradian. Hence, in this figure θ = A/2 and r = 1. The solid angle of a cone with its apex at the apex of the solid angle, and with apex angle 2 θ, is the area of a spherical cap on a unit sphere
The boundaries are defined by lines, conics, polylines, surface curves, or b spline curves; ISO 10303-514 Advanced boundary representation, a solid defining a volume with possible voids that is composed by advanced faces; ISO 10303-509 Manifold surface, a non intersecting area in 3D that is composed by advanced faces
The curved surface, the underlying inner mesh, [1] can be calculated from the coarse mesh, known as the control cage or outer mesh, as the functional limit of an iterative process of subdividing each polygonal face into smaller faces that better approximate the final underlying curved surface. Less commonly, a simple algorithm is used to add ...
It allows users to design buildings with key urban parameters such as number of stories and gross floor area, and calculates key urban control parameters on the fly (e.g. floor area ratio or required number of parking lots). Power Surfacing: A SolidWorks application for industrial design, freeform organic surface, and solids modeling. It can ...
The curvature is taken to be positive if the curve turns in the same direction as the surface's chosen normal, and otherwise negative. The directions in the normal plane where the curvature takes its maximum and minimum values are always perpendicular, if k 1 does not equal k 2 , a result of Euler (1760), and are called principal directions .