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The vitamin D receptor (VDR also known as the calcitriol receptor) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. [5] Calcitriol (the active form of vitamin D , 1,25-(OH) 2 vitamin D 3 ) binds to VDR, which then forms a heterodimer with the retinoid-X receptor .
Receptors: In addition to vitamin D metabolites, vitamin D receptor (VDR) proteins are also found in the brain; more specifically, they are found in the cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, and hippocampus. [1] The highest density of VDR is in substantia nigra, one of the primary areas of dopamine production.
The VDR is widely distributed in tissues, and is not restricted to those tissues considered the classic targets of vitamin D. The VDR upon binding to 1,25(OH) 2 D heterodimerizes with other nuclear hormone receptors, in particular the family of retinoid X receptors. This VDR/RXR heterodimer complex binds to the specific VDRE in the promoters of ...
For example, drugs used to treat patients with schizophrenia such as haloperidol, chlorpromazine, and clozapine are antagonists at receptors in the brain for dopamine. Other drugs act by binding to a receptor and mimicking the normal neurotransmitter. Such drugs are called receptor agonists.
In biochemistry and pharmacology, receptors are chemical structures, composed of protein, that receive and transduce signals that may be integrated into biological systems. [1] These signals are typically chemical messengers [nb 1] which bind to a receptor and produce physiological responses such as change in the electrical activity of a cell.
The axons of the parvocellular neurosecretory neurons of the PVN project to the median eminence, a neurohemal organ at the base of the brain, where their neurosecretory nerve terminals release their hormones at the primary capillary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system. The median eminence contains fiber terminals from many hypothalamic ...
Well, according to Wise, the brain is actually the most powerful sex organ there is—namely because genital stimulation produces so much muscle and nerve information that a tremendous boost in ...
A neurotransmitter receptor is a class of receptors that specifically binds with neurotransmitters as opposed to other molecules. In postsynaptic cells, neurotransmitter receptors receive signals that trigger an electrical signal, by regulating the activity of ion channels. The influx of ions through ion channels opened due to the binding of ...