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Erbium is a chemical element; it has symbol Er and atomic number 68. A silvery-white [7] solid metal when artificially isolated, natural erbium is always found in chemical combination with other elements. It is a lanthanide, a rare-earth element, originally found in the gadolinite mine in Ytterby, Sweden, which is the source of the element's name.
Erbium (III) chloride is a violet compounds that can be formed by first heating erbium (III) oxide and ammonium chloride to produce the ammonium salt of the pentachloride ( [NH 4] 2 ErCl 5) then heating it in a vacuum at 350-400 °C. [9][10][11] It forms crystals of the AlCl3 type, with monoclinic crystals and the point group C 2/m. [12]
Naturally occurring erbium (68 Er) is composed of six stable isotopes, with 166 Er being the most abundant (33.503% natural abundance).Thirty-nine radioisotopes have been characterized with between 74 and 112 neutrons, or 142 to 180 nucleons, with the most stable being 169 Er with a half-life of 9.4 days, 172 Er with a half-life of 49.3 hours, 160 Er with a half-life of 28.58 hours, 165 Er ...
Erbium oxide nanoparticles also possess photoluminescence properties. Erbium oxide nanoparticles can be formed by applying ultrasound (20 kHz, 29 W·cm −2) in the presence of multiwall carbon nanotubes. The erbium oxide nanoparticles that have been produced using ultrasound are erbium carboxioxide, hexagonal and spherical geometry erbium oxide.
The erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is the most deployed fiber amplifier as its amplification window coincides with the third transmission window of silica-based optical fiber. The core of a silica fiber is doped with trivalent erbium ions (Er 3+ ) and can be efficiently pumped with a laser at or near wavelengths of 980 nm and 1480 nm, and ...
Terbium is a chemical element; it has the symbol Tb and atomic number 65. It is a silvery-white, rare earth metal that is malleable and ductile. The ninth member of the lanthanide series, terbium is a fairly electropositive metal that reacts with water, evolving hydrogen gas.
Erbium(III) nitrate forms pink hygroscopic crystals. Forms crystalline hydrates of the composition Er ( NO 3 ) 3 ⋅ 5 H 2 O {\displaystyle {\ce {Er(NO3)3*5H2O}}} . Both erbium(III) nitrate and its crystalline hydrate decompose on heating.
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