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Technology is the application of conceptual knowledge to achieve practical goals, especially in a reproducible way. [1] The word technology can also mean the products resulting from such efforts, [2] [3] including both tangible tools such as utensils or machines, and intangible ones such as software.
Despite these early examples, Dr. Ernst Friedrich "Fritz" Schumacher is credited as the founder of the appropriate technology movement. A well-known economist, Schumacher worked for the British National Coal Board for more than 20 years, where he blamed the size of the industry's operations for its uncaring response to the harm black-lung disease inflicted on the miners. [3]
Others have different definitions; a common element in the definitions is a focus on newness, improvement, and spread of ideas or technologies. Innovation often takes place through the development of more-effective products , processes, services , technologies , art works [ 3 ] or business models that innovators make available to markets ...
The word theory in "the theory of evolution" does not imply scientific doubt regarding its validity; the concepts of theory and hypothesis have specific meanings in a scientific context. While theory in colloquial usage may denote a hunch or conjecture, a scientific theory is a set of principles that explains an observable phenomenon in natural ...
Pedretti, E. (1996) Learning about science, technology and society (STS) through an action research project: co-constructing an issues based model for STS education. School Science and Mathematics, 96 (8), pp. 432–440. Pedretti, E. (1997) Septic tank crisis: a case study of science, technology and society education in an elementary school.
These include Starfall, ABC mouse, [172] PBS Kids Video, Teach me, and Montessori crosswords. [173] Educational technology in the form of electronic books [109] offer preschool children the option to store and retrieve several books on one device, thus bringing together the traditional action of reading along with the use of educational technology.
In the early 1990s the acronym STEM was used by a variety of educators. Charles E. Vela was the founder and director of the Center for the Advancement of Hispanics in Science and Engineering Education (CAHSEE) [6] [7] [8] and started a summer program for talented under-represented students in the Washington, D.C. area called the STEM Institute.
Some appropriate technology water supply measures include: Deep wells with submersible pumps in areas where the groundwater (aquifers) are located at depths >10 m. Shallow wells with lined walls and covers. Rainwater harvesting systems with an appropriate method of storage, especially in areas with significant dry seasons.