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Main, Gloria L. Tobacco Colony: Life in Early Maryland, 1650–1720 (1983) Mereness, Newton Dennison. Maryland as a Proprietary Province. New York: Macmillan, 1901. Middleton, Arthur Pierce. Tobacco Coast: A Maritime History of Chesapeake Bay in the Colonial Era (1984) online edition Archived May 23, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
The province began in 1632 as the Maryland Palatinate, [3] a proprietary palatinate granted to Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, whose father, George, had long sought to found a colony in the New World to serve as a refuge for Catholics at the time of the European wars of religion.
Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (8 August 1605 – 30 November 1675) was an English politician and lawyer who was the first proprietor of Maryland.Born in Kent, England in 1605, he inherited the proprietorship of overseas colonies in Avalon (Newfoundland) (off the eastern coast of the North America continent), along with Maryland after the 1632 death of his father, George Calvert, 1st Baron ...
The Province of Maryland was a proprietary colony, in the hands of the Calvert family, who held it from 1633 to 1689, and again from 1715 to 1776. George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore (1580–1632) is often regarded as the founder of Maryland, but he died before the colony could be organized. The Province of Maryland.
Cecil established his colony in Maryland from his home in England, (but sent his younger brother Leonard (1606–1647), as first colonial governor, and as a Roman Catholic continued the legacy of his father by promoting religious tolerance in the colony. He governed Maryland for forty-two years, though he never visited his colony in person. [1]
Maryland became a prime tobacco exporting colony in the mid-Atlantic and, for a time, a refuge for Catholic settlers, as George Calvert had hoped. [107] Under the rule of the Lords Baltimore, thousands of British Catholics emigrated to Maryland, establishing some of the oldest Catholic communities in what later became the United States. [107]
New York City attracted a large polyglot population, including a large black slave population. [19] In 1674, the proprietary colonies of East Jersey and West Jersey were created from lands formerly part of New York. [20] Pennsylvania was founded in 1681 as a proprietary colony of Quaker William Penn.
In 1617, officials of the Dutch West India Company in New Netherland created a settlement at present-day Albany, and in 1624 founded New Amsterdam, on Manhattan Island.The Dutch colony included claims to an area comprising all of the present U.S. states of New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Vermont, along with inland portions of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Maine in addition to eastern ...