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  2. Bukovina Museum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukovina_Museum

    The headquarters is located in the History Museum (Romanian: Muzeul de Istorie din Suceava), in the center of Suceava. The History Museum is the oldest part of the Bukovina Museum and essentially the nucleus around which the complex with its various facilities was built. The History Museum was built in 1898 and is now a cultural heritage site. [2]

  3. Two-electron atom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-electron_atom

    The energy levels in the atom for the single lines are indicated by 1 S 0 1 P 1 1 D 2 1 F 3 etc., and for the triplets, some energy levels are split: 3 S 1 3 P 2 3 P 1 3 P 0 3 D 3 3 D 2 3 D 1 3 F 4 3 F 3 3 F 2. [2] Alkaline earths and mercury also have spectra with similar features, due to the two outer valence electrons. [2]

  4. Three-center two-electron bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-center_two-electron_bond

    The monomer BH 3 is unstable since the boron atom has an empty p-orbital. A B−H−B 3-center-2-electron bond is formed when a boron atom shares electrons with a B−H bond on another boron atom. The two electrons (corresponding to one bond) in a B−H−B bonding molecular orbital are spread out across three internuclear spaces. [1]

  5. Charles Rugeley Bury - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Rugeley_Bury

    Charles Rugeley Bury (29 June 1890 – 30 December 1968) was an English physical chemist who proposed an early model of the atom with the arrangement of electrons, which explained their chemical properties, alongside the more dominant model of Niels Bohr. In some early papers, the model was called the "Bohr-Bury Atom".

  6. Wigner crystal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner_crystal

    A Wigner crystal is the solid (crystalline) phase of electrons first predicted by Eugene Wigner in 1934. [1] [2] A gas of electrons moving in a uniform, inert, neutralizing background (i.e. Jellium Model) will crystallize and form a lattice if the electron density is less than a critical value. This is because the potential energy dominates the ...

  7. Tunnel ionization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel_ionization

    In the quasi-static limit, the PPT model approaches the ADK model by M. V. Ammosov, N. B. Delone, and V. P. Krainov. [8] Many experiments have been carried out on the MPI of rare gas atoms using strong laser pulses, through measuring both the total ion yield and the kinetic energy of the electrons.

  8. Nearly free electron model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nearly_free_electron_model

    Dispersion relation for the 2D nearly free electron model as a function of the underlying crystalline structure. The nearly free electron model is a modification of the free-electron gas model which includes a weak periodic perturbation meant to model the interaction between the conduction electrons and the ions in a crystalline solid.

  9. Hyperfine structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperfine_structure

    In the general case this is represented by a rank-2 tensor, , with components given by: [4] = (′ ′ (′)) (′) ′, where i and j are the tensor indices running from 1 to 3, x i and x j are the spatial variables x, y and z depending on the values of i and j respectively, δ ij is the Kronecker delta and ρ(r) is the charge density.