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In object-oriented computer programming, a null object is an object with no referenced value or with defined neutral (null) behavior.The null object design pattern, which describes the uses of such objects and their behavior (or lack thereof), was first published as "Void Value" [1] and later in the Pattern Languages of Program Design book series as "Null Object".
The goal is to introduce concurrency, by using asynchronous method invocation and a scheduler for handling requests. [2] The pattern consists of six elements: [3] A proxy, which provides an interface towards clients with publicly accessible methods. An interface which defines the method request on an active object. A list of pending requests ...
Check that the variable is initialized (without obtaining the lock). If it is initialized, return it immediately. Obtain the lock. Double-check whether the variable has already been initialized: if another thread acquired the lock first, it may have already done the initialization. If so, return the initialized variable.
Null object: Avoid null references by providing a default object. Yes Yes Yes Observer or Publish/subscribe: Define a one-to-many dependency between objects where a state change in one object results in all its dependents being notified and updated automatically. Yes Yes Yes Servant: Define common functionality for a group of classes.
If an object reliably has a pointer at a certain location, the reference count can be stored in the unused bits of the pointer. For example, each object in Objective-C has a pointer to its class at the beginning of its memory; on the ARM64 architecture using iOS 7, 19 unused bits of this class pointer are used to store the object's reference count.
In object-oriented programming, the command pattern is a behavioral design pattern in which an object is used to encapsulate all information needed to perform an action or trigger an event at a later time. This information includes the method name, the object that owns the method and values for the method parameters.
Void safety (also known as null safety) is a guarantee within an object-oriented programming language that no object references will have null or void values. In object-oriented languages, access to objects is achieved through references (or, equivalently, pointers ).
In object-oriented programming, the factory method pattern is a design pattern that uses factory methods to deal with the problem of creating objects without having to specify their exact classes. Rather than by calling a constructor , this is accomplished by invoking a factory method to create an object.