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A polar diagram, or polar plot, is a graph that shows a sailboat's potential speed over a range of wind speeds and relative wind angles. [1] It normally consists of the right side of a line chart with the radius representing the yacht speed and the angle representing the wind direction blowing from top to bottom.
Data from Seawind website, which notes that performance data is from the Seawind 3000 with a Lycoming engine General characteristics Crew: 1 pilot Capacity: 3 adult passengers or 1 adult passenger and 3 children Length: 27 ft 2 in (8.28 m) Wingspan: 35 ft 0 in (10.67 m) Height: 10 ft 2 in (3.10 m) Wing area: 163 sq ft (15.14 m 2) Airfoil: NLF(1)-0215(F) Empty weight: 2,300 lb (1,043 kg) useful ...
True wind (V T) is the same everywhere in the diagram, whereas boat velocity (V B) and apparent wind (V A) vary with point of sail. Forces on sails result from movement of air that interacts with sails and gives them motive power for sailing craft, including sailing ships , sailboats , windsurfers , ice boats , and sail-powered land vehicles .
Joined wing: a tandem-wing layout in which the front low wing sweeps back and/or the rear high wing sweeps forwards such that they join at or near the tips to form a continuous surface in a hollow diamond or triangle shape. [7] The Ligeti Stratos is a rare example. [8] Rhomboidal wing: a
The distribution of forces on a wing in flight are both complex and varying. This image shows the forces for two typical airfoils, a symmetrical design on the left, and an asymmetrical design more typical of low-speed designs on the right. This diagram shows only the lift components; the similar drag considerations are not illustrated.
The wing is designed so that the angle of incidence is greater at the wing roots and decreases across the span, becoming lowest at the wing tip. This is usually to ensure that at stall speed the wing root stalls before the wing tips , providing the aircraft with continued aileron control and some resistance to spinning .
Yawing also increases the speed of the outboard wing whilst slowing down the inboard wing, with corresponding changes in drag causing a (small) opposing yaw moment. N r {\displaystyle N_{r}} opposes the inherent directional stiffness which tends to point the aircraft's nose back into the wind and always matches the sign of the yaw rate input.
For example, the dihedral angle is usually greater on low-wing aircraft than on otherwise-similar high-wing aircraft. This is because "highness" of a wing (or "lowness" of vertical center of gravity compared to the wing) naturally creates more dihedral effect itself. This makes it so less dihedral angle is needed to get the amount of dihedral ...