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The Fischer–Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and Karl Saller is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color. The scale uses the following designations: A (very light blond), B to E (light blond), F to L (), M to O (dark blond), P to T (light brown to brown), U to Y (dark brown to black) and Roman numerals I to IV and V to VI (red-blond).
Dermatologists discuss the benefits of kojic acid for skin, including how the ingredients helps brighten skin, reduces dark spots and discoloration, and more.
The most popular beauty products often contain sake and rice bran, which contain kojic acid. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare has approved a specific combination of active ingredients for skin whitening cosmetics used by the general Japanese public. These are mainly arbutin and kojic acid. [4]
Kojic acid is an organic compound with the formula HOCH 2 C 5 H 2 O 2 OH. It is a derivative of 4-pyrone that functions in nature as a chelation agent produced by several species of fungi, especially Aspergillus oryzae , which has the Japanese common name koji .
The combination of kojic acid, 10% glycolic acid and tranexamic acid “act synergistically for brightening skin overall and lightening dark spots,” says Castilla, who notes that it’s a ...
In the video, Kate recommends starting off with a clean face. Next, she rubs the pad over her skin in circular motions."You want to leave the ingredients on your face for about a minute or so ...
This includes mercury compounds which may cause neurological problems and kidney problems. [1] In a number of African countries, between 25 and 80% of women regularly use skin whitening products. [2] In Asia, this number is around 40%. [2] In India, specifically, over half of the skin care products are sold to whiten skin.
Black hair can come in a variety of textures, just as any hair color. Generally, the East Asian, Central Asian and Native American population has straight hair with a very thick cuticle layer [ 5 ] and South Asians have thick, wavy or curly hair , [ 6 ] while the general hair type seen in black African hair is thick, curly and dense with more ...