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This cache was termed Level 1 or L1 cache to differentiate it from the slower on-motherboard, or Level 2 (L2) cache. These on-motherboard caches were much larger, with the most common size being 256 KiB. There were some system boards that contained sockets for the Intel 485Turbocache daughtercard which had either 64 or 128 Kbyte of cache memory.
If 1, then cache is inclusive of lower-level caches. 1 2 Complex cache indexing. If 1, then cache uses a complex function for cache indexing, else the cache is direct-mapped. (#4) 2 3 (reserved) 3 4 (reserved) 4 7:5 Cache Level (starting from 1) (reserved) 7:5 8 Self initializing cache level (1=doesn't need software initialization after reset ...
However, with a multiple-level cache, if the computer misses the cache closest to the processor (level-one cache or L1) it will then search through the next-closest level(s) of cache and go to main memory only if these methods fail. The general trend is to keep the L1 cache small and at a distance of 1–2 CPU clock cycles from the processor ...
Since each cache block is of size 4 bytes and is 2-way set-associative, the total number of sets in the cache is 256/(4 * 2), which equals 32 sets. Set-Associative Cache. The incoming address to the cache is divided into bits for Offset, Index and Tag. Offset corresponds to the bits used to determine the byte to be accessed from the cache line.
Unsuccessful attempts to read or write data from the cache (cache misses) result in lower level or main memory access, which increases latency. There are three basic types of cache misses known as the 3Cs [2] and some other less popular cache misses.
If all blocks in the higher level cache are also present in the lower level cache, then the lower level cache is said to be inclusive of the higher level cache. If the lower level cache contains only blocks that are not present in the higher level cache, then the lower level cache is said to be exclusive of the higher level cache. If the ...
Many cache algorithms (particularly LRU) allow streaming data to fill the cache, pushing out information which will soon be used again (cache pollution). [2] Other factors may be size, length of time to obtain, and expiration. Depending on cache size, no further caching algorithm to discard items may be needed.
Level 2 (L2) Instruction and data (shared) – 1 MiB [citation needed] [original research] in size. Best access speed is around 200 GB/s [9] Level 3 (L3) Shared cache – 6 MiB [citation needed] [original research] in size. Best access speed is around 100 GB/s [9] Level 4 (L4) Shared cache – 128 MiB [citation needed] [original research] in size.