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The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 is a 1972 book by Alfred W. Crosby on the Columbian exchange, coining that term and helping to found the field of environmental history.
The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. Greenwood Press 1972, Praeger Publishers 2003. Available in Spanish, Italian, and Korean translations. Epidemic and Peace, 1918. Greenwood Press 1976. Republished as America's Forgotten Pandemic. America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918.
The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-8371-5821-1. ————— (2003). The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. Praeger. ————— (December 2001). "The Columbian Exchange: Plants, Animals, and Disease between the Old and New Worlds".
The first European contact in 1492 started an influx of communicable diseases into the Caribbean. [1] Diseases originating in the Old World (Afro-Eurasia) came to the New World (the Americas) for the first time, resulting in demographic and sociopolitical changes due to the Columbian Exchange from the late 15th century onwards. [1]
Biological globalization is not only a phenomenon of recent times, the big considerations are for the Columbian exchange, [4] [5] but there have been purposeful translocations long before that. Deliberate translocations included for crops, food, sport, military use and study.
Crosby, Alfred W. (1972) The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. Greenwood Publishing Co. Crosby, Alfred W. (1986) Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900. Cambridge University Press. Davis, M. (2001) Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World. Verso.
Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 is a 1986 book by environmental historian Alfred W. Crosby. The book builds on Crosby's earlier study, The Columbian Exchange , in which he described the complex global transfer of organisms that accompanied European colonial endeavors.
Indigenous peoples also adopted newly introduced domestic animals in their diet as Europeans introduced chicken, cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep in the Columbian exchange. Indigenous peoples have hunted their territory for centuries or millennia, and many times killed the animals belonging to settlers, and this has been the cause of much ...