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Causes of dysmenorrhea, or menstrual pain, include endometriosis, pelvic scarring due to chlamydia or gonorrhea, and intrauterine devices or IUDs. [24] Primary dysmenorrhea is when there is no underlying cause that is identified, and secondary dysmenorrhea is when the menstrual pain is caused by other conditions such as endometriosis , fibroids ...
Dysmenorrhea, also known as period pain, painful periods or menstrual cramps, is pain during menstruation. [4] [5] [2] Its usual onset occurs around the time that menstruation begins. [1] Symptoms typically last less than three days. [1] The pain is usually in the pelvis or lower abdomen. [1] Other symptoms may include back pain, diarrhea or ...
Treatment depends on the cause. In cases where malignancy is ruled out, hormone supplementation or the therapeutic use of hormonal contraception is usually recommended to induce bleeding on a regular schedule. Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) are sometimes used to stop uterine bleeding. [1]
Painful (i.e. associated with dysmenorrhea): Pelvic inflammatory disease; Adenomyosis - extension of the endometrial tissue into the outer muscular wall of the uterus which can cause pain and abnormal bleeds when the endometrium sheds; Pregnancy related complication (i.e. miscarriage) Short cycle (less than 21 days) but normal menses.
Intermenstrual bleeding (IMB), or metrorrhagia, is vaginal bleeding at irregular intervals between expected menstrual periods. [1] It may be associated with bleeding with sexual intercourse . [ 2 ] The term metrorrhagia, in which metro means measure and -rrhagia means abnormal flow, [ 3 ] is no longer recommended.
Irregular menstruation is a menstrual disorder whose manifestations include irregular cycle lengths as well as metrorrhagia (vaginal bleeding between expected periods). The possible causes of irregular menstruation may vary. The common factors of it are related to lifestyle, such as stress, body weight, and smoking status. [1]
It can be distinguished from metrorrhagia by its regularity. [3] Polymenorrhea can be contrasted with oligomenorrhea , in which menstrual cycles are greater than 35 or 37 days in length. [ 3 ] [ 12 ] The condition can also be distinguished from polymenorrhagia , which is a combination of polymenorrhea and menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding).
Metrorrhagia (metro = womb, -rrhagia = excessive flow [3]) is uterine bleeding at irregular intervals, particularly between the expected menstrual periods. [4] Postcoital bleeding is vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse.