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The gallbladder has a capacity of about 50 millilitres (1.8 imperial fluid ounces). [2] The gallbladder is shaped like a pear, with its tip opening into the cystic duct. [4] The gallbladder is divided into three sections: the fundus, body, and neck. The fundus is the rounded base, angled so that it faces the abdominal wall.
The Phrygian cap results from folding of the gallbladder fundus. In medicine, a Phrygian cap is the folded portion of some gallbladders that resembles the Phrygian cap (a soft conical cap with the top pulled forward, associated in antiquity with the inhabitants of Phrygia, a region of central Anatolia).
Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder as seen on ultrasound [2] Non-contrast abdominal ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder: [3] a The fundus of the gallbladder wall was thickened and the GB wall was obscure. b The intramural echogenic foci were detected by high frequency transducer.
The presence of large stones, >2.5 cm in diameter, within the gallbladder are thought to predispose to fistula formation by gradual erosion through the gallbladder fundus. [1] Once a fistula has formed, a stone may travel from the gallbladder into the bowel and become lodged almost anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract.
Fundus camera, equipment for photographing the interior of the eye; Fundus photography; Fundus (stomach), the portion of the stomach which bulges up past the point of entry of the oesophagus; Fundus (uterus), the top portion, opposite from the cervix; Fundus of gallbladder, the portion of the gallbladder which lies the farthest from the cystic duct
Jaundice is commonly caused by conditions such as pancreatic cancer, which causes blockage of the bile duct passing through the cancerous portion of the pancreas; cholangiocarcinoma, cancer of the bile ducts; blockage by a stone in patients with gallstones; and from scarring after injury to the bile duct during gallbladder removal.
These branches then form an anastomotic network over the surface of the body and fundus of the gallbladder. [1] It produces 2 to 4 minor branches (known as Calot’s arteries) that supply part of the cystic duct and cervix of the gallbladder before dividing into the major superficial and deep branches at the superior aspect of the gallbladder neck:
The anatomy and variant anatomy of this region is important during gallbladder removal to prevent iatrogenic injury to the common hepatic duct, bile duct, or right hepatic artery. [ 3 ] The cystic artery lies within the hepatobiliary triangle, which is used to locate it during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy .