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Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...
In the periodic table of the elements, each column is a group. In chemistry, a group (also known as a family) [1] is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements. There are 18 numbered groups in the periodic table; the 14 f-block columns, between groups 2 and 3, are not numbered.
Pronounced "group five A" and "group five B"; "V" is the Roman numeral 5). In semiconductor physics, it is still usually called Group V. [ 3 ] The "five" ("V") in the historical names comes from the " pentavalency " of nitrogen, reflected by the stoichiometry of compounds such as N 2 O 5 .
The numbers 200-900 would be confused easily with 22 to 29 if they were used in chemistry. khīlioi = 1000, diskhīlioi = 2000, triskhīlioi = 3000, etc. 13 to 19 are formed by starting with the Greek word for the number of ones, followed by και (the Greek word for 'and'), followed by δέκα (the Greek word for 'ten').
This holds in particular for any representation of a finite group over the complex numbers, since the characteristic of the complex numbers is zero, which never divides the size of a group. In the example above, the first two representations given (ρ and σ) are both decomposable into two 1-dimensional subrepresentations (given by span{(1,0 ...
An atom (or ion) whose oxidation number increases in a redox reaction is said to be oxidized (and is called a reducing agent). It is accomplished by loss of one or more electrons. The atom whose oxidation number decreases gains (receives) one or more electrons and is said to be reduced. This relation can be remembered by the following mnemonics.
If n is a composite number having two or more distinct prime factors, then ζ a n − 1 is a unit. The subgroup of cyclotomic units generated by (ζ a n − 1)/(ζ n − 1) with (a, n) = 1 is not of finite index in general. [2] The cyclotomic units satisfy distribution relations. Let a be a rational number prime to p and let g a denote exp ...
Some sets of groups have names: The main group elements are the elements of groups 1, 2, and 13–18 (i.e. the s-block and p-block). [5] The transition elements are the elements of groups 3–12 (i.e. the d-block) – this in particular includes group 12 (although some sources do not include it). [5] The inner transition elements are f-block ...