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  2. Principle of faunal succession - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_faunal_succession

    Archaic biological features and organisms are succeeded in the fossil record by more modern versions. For instance, paleontologists investigating the evolution of birds predicted that feathers would first be seen in primitive forms on flightless predecessor organisms such as feathered dinosaurs. This is precisely what has been discovered in the ...

  3. Geologic record - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_record

    Fossils can be used to recognize rock layers of the same or different geologic ages, thereby coordinating locally occurring geologic stages to the overall geologic timeline. The pictures of the fossils of monocellular algae in this USGS figure were taken with a scanning electron microscope and have been magnified 250 times.

  4. Relative dating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_dating

    In geology, rock or superficial deposits, fossils and lithologies can be used to correlate one stratigraphic column with another. Prior to the discovery of radiometric dating in the early 20th century, which provided a means of absolute dating , archaeologists and geologists used relative dating to determine ages of materials.

  5. Fossil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil

    A derived, reworked or remanié fossil is a fossil found in rock that accumulated significantly later than when the fossilized animal or plant died. [100] Reworked fossils are created by erosion exhuming (freeing) fossils from the rock formation in which they were originally deposited and their redeposition in a younger sedimentary deposit.

  6. Geologic time scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale

    Smith's work was primarily based on his detailed study of rock layers and fossils during his time and he created "the first map to depict so many rock formations over such a large area”. [43] After studying rock layers and the fossils they contained, Smith concluded that each layer of rock contained distinct material that could be used to ...

  7. Biostratigraphy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biostratigraphy

    Index fossils (also known as guide fossils, indicator fossils, or dating fossils) are the fossilized remains or traces of particular plants or animals that are characteristic of a particular span of geologic time or environment, and can be used to identify and date the containing rocks. To be practical, index fossils must have a limited ...

  8. Evidence of common descent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence_of_common_descent

    The history of the camel provides an example of how fossil evidence can be used to reconstruct migration and subsequent evolution. The fossil record indicates that the evolution of camelids started in North America (see figure 4e), from which, six million years ago, they migrated across the Bering Strait into Asia and then to Africa, and 3.5 ...

  9. Transitional fossil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional_fossil

    However, because evolution is a branching process that produces a complex bush pattern of related species rather than a linear process producing a ladder-like progression, and because of the incompleteness of the fossil record, it is unlikely that any particular form represented in the fossil record is a direct ancestor of any other. Cladistics ...

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