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Many plants store chemicals in the form of inactive glycosides. These can be activated by enzyme hydrolysis, which causes the sugar part to be broken off, making the chemical available for use. Terpenes are a large and diverse class of organic compounds , produced by a variety of plants, particularly conifers , which are often strong smelling ...
The hydrogen freed by the splitting of water is used in the creation of two important molecules that participate in energetic processes: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and ATP. In plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, sugars are synthesized by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle.
A continuous morphological variation in form within a species or sometimes between two species. clone A plant derived from the asexual vegetative reproduction of a parent plant, with both plants having identical genetic compositions. coalescent Having plant parts fused or grown together to form a single unit. cochleariform Concave and spoon-shaped.
There are three major metabolic pathways by which photosynthesis is carried out: C 3 photosynthesis, C 4 photosynthesis, and CAM photosynthesis. C 3 photosynthesis is the oldest and most common form. A C3 plant uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO 2 into organic material.
There is no fixed, commonly agreed upon system for classifying secondary metabolites. Based on their biosynthetic origins, plant secondary metabolites can be divided into three major groups: [2] Flavonoids and allied phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, Terpenoids, and; Nitrogen-containing alkaloids and sulphur-containing compounds.
Photosynthesis is the main means by which plants, algae and many bacteria produce organic compounds and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water (green arrow). An autotroph is an organism that can convert abiotic sources of energy into energy stored in organic compounds, which can be used by other organisms.
[179] [181] Most alkaloids are present in the raw plants in the form of salts of organic acids. [179] The extracted alkaloids may remain salts or change into bases. [ 180 ] Base extraction is achieved by processing the raw material with alkaline solutions and extracting the alkaloid bases with organic solvents, such as 1,2-dichloroethane ...
Botany, also called plant science or phytology, is the branch of natural science and biology studying plants, especially their anatomy, taxonomy, and ecology. [1] A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field.