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  2. Conservation of energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_energy

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 24 February 2025. Law of physics and chemistry This article is about the law of conservation of energy in physics. For sustainable energy resources, see Energy conservation. Part of a series on Continuum mechanics J = − D d φ d x {\displaystyle J=-D{\frac {d\varphi }{dx}}} Fick's laws of diffusion ...

  3. Onsager reciprocal relations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onsager_reciprocal_relations

    The conservation of mass is expressed locally by the fact that the flow of mass density satisfies the continuity equation: + =, where is the mass flux vector. The formulation of energy conservation is generally not in the form of a continuity equation because it includes contributions both from the macroscopic mechanical energy of the fluid flow and of the microscopic internal energy.

  4. Mechanical energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_energy

    The principle of conservation of mechanical energy states that if an isolated system is subject only to conservative forces, then the mechanical energy is constant. If an object moves in the opposite direction of a conservative net force, the potential energy will increase; and if the speed (not the velocity ) of the object changes, the kinetic ...

  5. Reflexive verb - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexive_verb

    For example, the Spanish reflexive construct "se hundió el barco" ("the boat sank") has no reflexive equivalent in some Slavic languages (which use an intransitive equivalent of sink), though for example Czech and Slovak do use a reflexive verb: "loď se potopila"/"loď sa potopila". Reflexive verbs can have a variety of uses and meanings ...

  6. First law of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_law_of_thermodynamics

    An example of a mathematical statement is that of Crawford (1963): For a given system we let ΔE kin = large-scale mechanical energy, ΔE pot = large-scale potential energy, and ΔE tot = total energy. The first two quantities are specifiable in terms of appropriate mechanical variables, and by definition

  7. Reciprocal innervation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_innervation

    A common example of reciprocal innervation, is the effect of the nociceptive (or nocifensive) reflex, or defensive response to pain, otherwise commonly known as the withdrawal reflex; a type of involuntary action of the body to remove the body part from the vicinity of an offending object by contracting the appropriate muscles (usually flexor ...

  8. Betti's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betti's_theorem

    Betti's theorem, also known as Maxwell–Betti reciprocal work theorem, discovered by Enrico Betti in 1872, states that for a linear elastic structure subject to two sets of forces {P i} i=1,...,n and {Q j}, j=1,2,...,n, the work done by the set P through the displacements produced by the set Q is equal to the work done by the set Q through the displacements produced by the set P.

  9. Reciprocal inhibition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_inhibition

    Reciprocal inhibition is a neuromuscular process in which muscles on one side of a joint relax to allow the contraction of muscles on the opposite side, enabling smooth and coordinated movement. [1] This concept, introduced by Charles Sherrington , a pioneering neuroscientist , is also referred to as reflexive antagonism in some allied health ...