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Historical institutionalism (HI) is a new institutionalist social science approach [1] that emphasizes how timing, sequences and path dependence affect institutions, and shape social, political, economic behavior and change.
[29] Instead of attributing success to grit or willpower, Ericsson recommended analyzing the various factors that shape a person's motivation in a given situation. Since 2014 [update] , grit has been the subject of critical commentary and debate in Education Week , with contributors discussing the strengths and weaknesses of how the idea of ...
Critics of persistence studies argue the pitfalls of the approach lie in a failure to recognize institutional change ("anti-persistence"), vague mechanisms, the insufficient use (or misuse) of historical sources and narratives, the compression of history, and a failure to account for the effects of geography."
Persistence is a key personality trait, describing an individual's propensity to remain motivated, resilient, and goal-driven in the face of challenges and difficulties they may encounter whilst carrying out tasks and working towards goals.
It is a complex phenomenon and its precise definition is disputed. It contrasts with amotivation, which is a state of apathy or listlessness. Motivation is studied in fields like psychology, neuroscience, motivation science, and philosophy. Motivational states are characterized by their direction, intensity, and persistence. The direction of a ...
In the Islamic world, Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406) wrote that asabiyyah (social cohesion or group unity) plays an important role in a kingdom's or dynasty's cycle of rise and fall. [ 13 ] G. W. Trompf describes various historic paradigms of historic recurrence, including paradigms that view types of large-scale historic phenomena variously as ...
Sisu is extraordinary determination in the face of extreme adversity, and courage that is presented typically in situations where success is unlikely. It expresses itself in taking action against the odds, and displaying courage and resoluteness in the face of adversity; in other words, deciding on a course of action, and then adhering to it even if repeated failures ensue.
An important addition to goal setting theory was the incorporation of self-efficacy from Bandura's social cognitive theory. Broadly defined as task specific self-confidence, goal setting theory incorporates self-efficacy in the following ways: