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  2. Sociobiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociobiology

    The three sociobiologies by Scott, Altmann and Wilson have in common to place naturalist studies at the core of the research on animal social behavior and by drawing alliances with emerging research methodologies, at a time when "biology in the field" was threatened to be made old-fashioned by "modern" practices of science (laboratory studies ...

  3. List of multiple discoveries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_multiple_discoveries

    The algorithm is considered one of the most important developments in numerical linear algebra of the 20th century. [ 96 ] 1960s: Kolmogorov complexity , also known as "Kolmogorov–Chaitin complexity", descriptive complexity, etc., of an object such as a piece of text is a measure of the computational resources needed to specify the object.

  4. Push and pull factors in migration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_and_pull_factors_in...

    Push and pull factors in migration according to Everett S. Lee (1917-2007) are categories that demographers use to analyze human migration from former areas to new host locations. Lee's model divides factors causing migrations into two groups of factors: push and pull.

  5. Outline of social science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_social_science

    Anthropological linguistics – the study of the relations between language and culture and the relations between human biology, cognition and language. Applied linguistics – an interdisciplinary field of study that identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems.

  6. Exogeny - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exogeny

    An exogenous contrast agent, in medical imaging for example, is a liquid injected into the patient intravenously that enhances visibility of a pathology, such as a tumor.An exogenous factor is any material that is present and active in an individual organism or living cell but that originated outside that organism, as opposed to an endogenous factor.

  7. Glossary of biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_biology

    This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...

  8. Autopoiesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autopoiesis

    An example is the assertion by Maturana and Varela that "We do not see what we do not see and what we do not see does not exist". [44] According to Razeto-Barry, the influence of Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living in mainstream biology has proven to be limited. Razeto-Barry believes that autopoiesis is not commonly used as ...

  9. Lumpers and splitters - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumpers_and_splitters

    Lumpers and splitters are opposing factions in any academic discipline that has to place individual examples into rigorously defined categories. The lumper–splitter problem occurs when there is the desire to create classifications and assign examples to them, for example, schools of literature, biological taxa, and so on. A "lumper" is a ...