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In 1911, Bass discovered an in vitro method of culturing the plasmodium organism responsible for malaria, a breakthrough in finding cures for the disease. [3] He applied this method during a 1912 series of investigations into the cause of malaria during the Panama Canal project, a part of the efforts of Colonel William C. Gorgas to provide safe and hygienic conditions in the project.
A man brushing his teeth while looking in a mirror. Tooth brushing is the act of scrubbing teeth with a toothbrush equipped with toothpaste.Interdental cleaning (with floss or an interdental brush) can be useful with tooth brushing, and together these two activities are the primary means of cleaning teeth, one of the main aspects of oral hygiene. [1]
In addition to brushing, cleaning between teeth may help to prevent build-up of plaque bacteria on the teeth. This may be done with dental floss or interdental brushes.. 80% of cavities occur in the grooves, or pits and fissures, of the chewing surfaces of the teeth, [4] however, there is no evidence currently showing that normal at-home flossing reduces the risk of cavities in these areas.
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Tooth brushing can remove plaque up to one millimeter below the gum line. Each person has a habitual brushing method, so more frequent brushing does not cover additional parts of the teeth or mouth. [47] Most dentists recommended patients brush twice a day in the hope that frequent brushing would clean more areas of the mouth. [48]
[1] [3] Results of a high level of evidence meta-analysis recently found that floss may not be the most effective method for interdental cleaning, contrary to common belief at the time. [4] Especially for individuals lacking dexterity or compliance, waterjet irrigators, and interdental brushes were found to be significantly more effective than ...
Dental floss (waxed) Levi Spear Parmly (1790-1859), a dentist from New Orleans, is credited with inventing the first form of dental floss. [4] In 1819, he recommended running a waxen silk thread "through the interstices of the teeth, between their necks and the arches of the gum, to dislodge that irritating matter which no brush can remove and which is the real source of disease."
Tooth brushing is the most common cause of dental abrasion, which is found to develop along the gingival margin, due to vigorous brushing in this area. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] The type of toothbrush, the technique used and the force applied when brushing can influence the occurrence and severity of resulting abrasion. [ 9 ]