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James Raymond Munkres (born August 18, 1930) is a Professor Emeritus of mathematics at MIT [1] and the author of several texts in the area of topology, including Topology (an undergraduate-level text), Analysis on Manifolds, Elements of Algebraic Topology, and Elementary Differential Topology. He is also the author of Elementary Linear Algebra.
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Federal income tax was first introduced under the Revenue Act of 1861 to help pay for the Civil War. It was renewed in later years and reformed in 1894 in the form of the Wilson-Gorman tariff. Legal challenges centered on whether the income tax then in force constituted a "direct tax". In the Springer v.
According to the IRS, the top 1% of income earners for 2008 paid 38% of income tax revenue, while earning 20% of the income reported. [113] The top 5% of income earners paid 59% of the total income tax revenue, while earning 35% of the income reported. [113] The top 10% paid 70%, earning 46% and the top 25% paid 86%, earning 67%.
In the mathematical field of topology, local finiteness is a property of collections of subsets of a topological space. It is fundamental in the study of paracompactness and topological dimension. Note that the term locally finite has different meanings in other mathematical fields.
See Munkres Topology 2nd Edition pp. 448. Furhermore, Munkres pp. 443 gives the definition of the n-fold dunce cap as the quotient space of the unit 2-ball under the equivalence relation defined by identifying each point of the boundary (circle) with those points that are rotations of the original point by an integer multiple of 2pi/n radians.
Kamala Harris vows no new taxes for people earning less than $400,000.
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a topological space is called locally compact if, roughly speaking, each small portion of the space looks like a small portion of a compact space. More precisely, it is a topological space in which every point has a compact neighborhood .