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Acne (/ˈækni/ ACK-nee), also known as acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin condition that occurs when dead skin cells and oil from the skin clog hair follicles. [10] Typical features of the condition include blackheads or whiteheads, pimples, oily skin, and possible scarring.
Puberty blockers (also called puberty inhibitors or hormone blockers) are medicines used to postpone puberty in children. The most commonly used puberty blockers are gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists , which suppress the natural production of sex hormones , such as androgens (e.g. testosterone ) and estrogens (e.g. estradiol ).
A comparison of the structures of the natural estrogen hormone estradiol (left) and one of the nonyl-phenols (right), a xenoestrogen endocrine disruptor. Endocrine disruptors, sometimes also referred to as hormonally active agents, [1] endocrine disrupting chemicals, [2] or endocrine disrupting compounds [3] are chemicals that can interfere with endocrine (or hormonal) systems. [4]
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), also known as androstenolone, is an endogenous steroid hormone precursor. [4] It is one of the most abundant circulating steroids in humans. [ 5 ] DHEA is produced in the adrenal glands , [ 6 ] the gonads , and the brain. [ 7 ]
The anterior portion of the pituitary gland produces luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and the gonads produce estrogen and testosterone. In oviparous organisms (e.g. fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds), the HPG axis is commonly referred to as the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis (HPGL-axis) in females.
Hormonal contraception refers to birth control methods that act on the endocrine system. Almost all methods are composed of steroid hormones, although in India one selective estrogen receptor modulator is marketed as a contraceptive. The original hormonal method—the combined oral contraceptive pill—was first marketed as a contraceptive in ...
Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), also called hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or transgender hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy in which sex hormones and other hormonal medications are administered to transgender or gender nonconforming individuals for the purpose of more closely aligning their secondary sexual characteristics with their gender identity.
Feminizing hormone therapy, also known as transfeminine hormone therapy, is a form of gender-affirming care and a gender-affirming hormone therapy to change the secondary sex characteristics of transgender people from masculine to feminine.