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SPQR or S.P.Q.R., an initialism for Senatus Populusque Romanus (Classical Latin: [sɛˈnaːtʊs pɔpʊˈɫʊskʷɛ roːˈmaːnʊs]; transl. "The Senate and People of Rome" ), is an emblematic phrase referring to the government of the Roman Republic .
Since the Middle Ages the city of Rome used a red-violet banner with a yellow (golden) Greek cross near the top right corner, and to its right, the yellow (golden) letters SPQR (an abbreviation for Senatus Populusque Romanus, which translates from Latin to The Roman Senate and People), placed diagonally across the banner, from the top left to the bottom right corner.
Many Christian processional banners are in the vexillum form; usually these banners are termed labara (Greek: λάβαρον) after the standard adopted by the first Christian Roman emperor Constantine I replaced the usual spear point with the "Chi-Rho" symbol ☧. For example, a vexillum is used by the Legion of Mary as the term for its ...
SPQR series, a collection of detective stories set in the time of the Roman Republic; SPQR: The Empire's Darkest Hour, a computer adventure game set in Ancient Rome; SPQR, a board wargame; Steve Perrin's Quest Rules, a generic role-playing game system; SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome, a 2015 book by Mary Beard
As was the case for BRP, SPQR is both a simplified version of RuneQuest and a generic role-playing game system. For example, Strike Ranks and Resistance Table were eliminated. Perrin said in an interview in the September 2008 issue of RPG Review, "the game does not need two separate systems for resolving situations." [2]
Roman standards. Roman military standards were emblems adopted by units of the Roman army. There were three main types of standard (Aquila, Vexillum, Signum). Several throughout its history include:
' eagle ') was a prominent symbol used in ancient Rome, especially as the standard of a Roman legion. A legionary known as an aquilifer, the "eagle-bearer", carried this standard. Each legion carried one eagle. The eagle had quasi-religious importance to the Roman soldier, far beyond being merely a symbol of his legion.
SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome is a 2015 book by English classicist Mary Beard that was published in the United Kingdom by Profile Books and elsewhere by Liveright & Company.