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The use of antibiotics for growth promotion purposes was banned in the European Union from 2006, [203] and the use of sub-therapeutic doses of medically important antibiotics in animal feed and water [204] to promote growth and improve feed efficiency became illegal in the United States on 1 January 2017, through regulatory change enacted by ...
The Coalition for Medical Progress was launched in 2003 as part of a wider alliance to communicate the benefits of animal research to the wider public. In 1999, 65% of people agreed with the statement "I have a lack of trust in the regulatory system about animal research". By 2007, this has fallen to 35%. [3]
Fortrea primate-testing lab, Vienna, Virginia, 2004–05. Most of the NHPs used are one of three species of macaques, accounting for 79% of all primates used in research in the UK, and 63% of all federally funded research grants for projects using primates in the U.S. [25] Lesser numbers of marmosets, tamarins, spider monkeys, owl monkeys, vervet monkeys, squirrel monkeys, and baboons are used ...
In 2010, a new EU directive was published on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes, repealing the old directive 86/609/EEC on January 1, 2013, with the exception of Article 13 (statistical information on the use of animals in experiments) which has been repealed on May 10, 2013.
A separate issue is the use of testing on animals as a means of initial testing during drug development, or actual production. [40] Guiding principles for more ethical use of animals in testing are the Three Rs first described by Russell and Burch in 1959. [41] These principles are now followed in many testing establishments worldwide.
The use of animals in laboratories remains controversial. Animal welfare advocates push for enforced standards to ensure the health and safety of those animals used for tests. In the US, every institution that uses vertebrate animals for federally funded laboratory research must have an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). [91]
Human uses of animals include both practical uses, such as the production of food and clothing, and symbolic uses, such as in art, literature, mythology, and religion. All of these are elements of culture, broadly understood. Animals used in these ways include fish, crustaceans, insects, molluscs, mammals and birds.
Animals are raised for a wide variety of products, principally meat, wool, milk, and eggs, but also including tallow, isinglass and rennet. [52] [53] Animals are also kept for more specialised purposes, such as to produce vaccines [54] and antiserum (containing antibodies) for medical use. [55]