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The inverse relationship between force per unit current and of a linear motor has been demonstrated. To translate this model to a rotating motor, one can simply attribute an arbitrary diameter to the motor armature e.g. 2 m and assume for simplicity that all force is applied at the outer perimeter of the rotor, giving 1 m of leverage.
This list contains acronyms, initialisms, and pseudo-blends that begin with the letter K.. For the purposes of this list: acronym = an abbreviation pronounced as if it were a word, e.g., SARS = severe acute respiratory syndrome, pronounced to rhyme with cars
This method was first developed by Benesi and Hildebrand in 1949, [2] as a means to explain a phenomenon where iodine changes color in various aromatic solvents. This was attributed to the formation of an iodine-solvent complex through acid-base interactions, leading to the observed shifts in the absorption spectrum.
The characteristic energy kT is a term encountered in many physical relationships. The Boltzmann constant sets up a relationship between wavelength and temperature (dividing hc / k by a wavelength gives a temperature) with one micrometer being related to 14 387 .777 K , and also a relationship between voltage and temperature ( kT in units of eV ...
Free energy relationships establish the extent at which bond formation and breakage happen in the transition state of a reaction, and in combination with kinetic isotope experiments a reaction mechanism can be determined. Free energy relationships are often used to calculate equilibrium constants since they are experimentally difficult to ...
where ln denotes the natural logarithm, is the thermodynamic equilibrium constant, and R is the ideal gas constant.This equation is exact at any one temperature and all pressures, derived from the requirement that the Gibbs free energy of reaction be stationary in a state of chemical equilibrium.
A kilowatt-hour (unit symbol: kW⋅h or kW h; commonly written as kWh) is a non-SI unit of energy equal to 3.6 megajoules (MJ) in SI units, which is the energy delivered by one kilowatt of power for one hour. Kilowatt-hours are a common billing unit for electrical energy supplied by electric utilities.
Relationship with the Boltzmann constant [ edit ] The Boltzmann constant k B (alternatively k ) may be used in place of the molar gas constant by working in pure particle count, N , rather than amount of substance, n , since: