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Thoroughly cooking aquatic plants and ensuring proper washing and cleaning of vegetables and fruits to remove potential infective stages. Educating communities about the risks of consuming contaminated water, raw or undercooked plants, and promoting awareness of the disease can also play a huge role in containing the spread of this parasite.
Primary infection usually occurs after a period of rain, where the leaf is continually wet, and the pathogen thrives in areas of high relative humidity and moderate temperature (25-30 °C). [ 8 ] The anamorph stage is dominant due to the fact that ascospores produced in pseudothecia , which is embedded in plant tissue, during the teleomorph ...
White mold affects a wide range of hosts and causes sclerotinia stem rot. It is known to infect 408 plant species. As a nonspecific plant pathogen, [3] diverse host range and ability to infect plants at any stage of growth makes white mold a very serious disease. The fungus can survive on infected tissues, in the soil, and on living plants.
Most bacteria associated with plants are saprotrophic and do no harm to the plant itself. However, a small number, around 100 known species, cause disease, especially in subtropical and tropical regions of the world. [15] [page needed] Most plant pathogenic bacteria are bacilli. Erwinia uses cell wall–degrading enzymes to cause soft rot.
Some insects create their own microhabitats by forming a plant structure called a gall, made up of plant tissue, but controlled by the insect. A gall acts as both a habitat and food source for the maker of the gall. The interior of a bedeguar gall is formed from the bud, and is composed of edible nutritious and structural tissues.
These tumors exert significant pressure on the surrounding plant tissue, which causes this tissue to become crushed and/or distorted. The crushed vessels lead to reduced water flow in the xylem. Young tumors are soft and therefore vulnerable to secondary invasion by insects and saprophytic microorganisms.
The ground tissue of plants includes all tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular. It can be divided into three types based on the nature of the cell walls. This tissue system is present between the dermal tissue and forms the main bulk of the plant body. Parenchyma cells have thin primary walls and usually remain alive after they become ...
About 2000 species of plants worldwide are susceptible to infection by root-knot nematodes and they cause approximately 5% of global crop loss. [1] Root-knot nematode larvae infect plant roots, causing the development of root-knot galls that drain the plant's photosynthate and nutrients. Infection of young plants may be lethal, while infection ...