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Sunday remained the first day of the week, being considered the day of the sun god Sol Invictus and the Lord's Day, while the Jewish Sabbath remained the seventh. The Babylonians invented the actual [clarification needed] seven-day week in 600 BCE, with Emperor Constantine making the Day of the Sun (dies Solis, "Sunday") a legal holiday ...
The old month names were still used in popular speech, however. [1] Four years after the change, Niyazov died in 2006. On 23 April 2008 it was reported that the cabinet of ministers of Turkmenistan discussed restoring the old names of the months and days of week. [2] The old names were restored in July 2008. [1]
The Chinese did use the planetary naming system a long time ago, Tang dynasty and thereabouts -- that's where the Japanese names for days of the week came from. As for your question concerning the luni-solar calendar, it's quite possible for the week to be completely divorced from lunar and solar cycles.
The result is that all dates from 1 Nisan through 29 (or 30) Cheshvan can each fall on one of four days of the week. Dates during Kislev can fall on any of six days of the week; during Tevet and Shevat, five days; and dates during Adar (or Adar I and II, in leap years) can each fall on one of four days of the week.
Traces of a nine-day week are found in Baltic languages and in Welsh. The ancient Chinese calendar had a ten-day week, as did the ancient Egyptian calendar (and, incidentally, the French Republican Calendar, dividing its 30-day months into thirds). A six-day week is found in the Akan Calendar and Kabiye culture until 1981.
Their names for the months and days are Parthian equivalents of the Avestan ones used previously, differing slightly from the Middle Persian names used by the Sassanians. For example, in Achaemenid times the modern Persian month 'Day' was called Dadvah (Creator), in Parthian it was Datush, and the Sassanians named it Dadv/Dai (Dadar in Pahlavi).
The ancient Etruscans developed an eight-day market week known as the nundinum around the 8th or 7th century BC. This was passed on to the Romans no later than the 6th century BC. As Rome expanded, it encountered the seven-day week and for a time attempted to include both. The popularity of the seven-day rhythm won, and the eight-day week ...
Likewise, the Modern Hebrew name for Monday is yom-sheni (יום שני). While in North America, Sunday is the first day of the week, the Geneva-based International Organization for Standardization places Monday as the first day of the week in its ISO 8601 standard. Monday is xīngqīyī (星期一) in Chinese, meaning "day one of the week".