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In materials science, liquefaction [1] is a process that generates a liquid from a solid or a gas [2] or that generates a non-liquid phase which behaves in accordance with fluid dynamics. [3] It occurs both naturally and artificially. As an example of the latter, a "major commercial application of liquefaction is the liquefaction of air to ...
Liquid oxygen has a clear cyan color and is strongly paramagnetic: it can be suspended between the poles of a powerful horseshoe magnet. [2] Liquid oxygen has a density of 1.141 kg/L (1.141 g/ml), slightly denser than liquid water, and is cryogenic with a freezing point of 54.36 K (−218.79 °C; −361.82 °F) and a boiling point of 90.19 K (−182.96 °C; −297.33 °F) at 1 bar (14.5 psi).
L is the gas–liquid partition constant on n-hexadecane at 298 K; E = the excess molar refraction (E = 0 for n-alkanes). S = the ability of a solute to stabilize a neighbouring dipole by virtue of its capacity for orientation and induction interactions; A = the solute's effective hydrogen bond acidity; and; B = the solute's effective hydrogen ...
The reversible lithium peroxide reaction is the basis for a prototype lithium–air battery. Using oxygen from the atmosphere allows the battery to eliminate storage of oxygen for its reaction, saving battery weight and size. [8]
Various governmental agencies involved with environmental protection and with occupational safety and health have promulgated regulations limiting the allowable concentrations of gaseous pollutants in the ambient air or in emissions to the ambient air. Such regulations involve a number of different expressions of concentration.
The alveolar gas equation is the method for calculating partial pressure of alveolar oxygen (p A O 2). The equation is used in assessing if the lungs are properly transferring oxygen into the blood. The alveolar air equation is not widely used in clinical medicine, probably because of the complicated appearance of its classic forms.
The air is either supplied from diving cylinders or pumped through a hose from the diver's ship on the surface. Submarines use ballast tanks and trim tanks with air to regulate their buoyancy, essentially making them underwater "airships". Bathyscaphes are a type of deep-sea submersibles that use gasoline as the "lifting gas".
Air-free techniques refer to a range of manipulations in the chemistry laboratory for the handling of compounds that are air-sensitive. These techniques prevent the compounds from reacting with components of air , usually water and oxygen ; less commonly carbon dioxide and nitrogen .
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