Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The main factors to consider in pregnancy planning for HIV positive individuals are the risk of disease transmission between the sexual partners themselves and the risk of disease transmission to the fetus. Both risks can be mitigated with appropriate perinatal planning and preventative care. [12]
Women with HIV have been shown to have decreased fertility which can affect available reproductive options. [119] In cases where the woman is HIV negative and the man is HIV positive, the primary assisted reproductive method used to prevent HIV transmission is sperm washing followed by intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF
Breastfeeding by HIV-infected mothers is the practice of breastfeeding of HIV-infected mothers and include those who may want to or are currently breastfeeding. HIV can be transmitted to the infant through breastfeeding. [1] The risk of transmission varies and depends on the viral load in the mother's milk. [2]
When an infant is born to an HIV-infected mother, diagnosis of an HIV infection is complicated by the presence of maternal anti-HIV IgG antibody, which crosses the placenta to the fetus. Indeed, virtually all children born to HIV-infected mothers are HIV-antibody positive at birth, although only 15%-30% are actually infected.
It is commonly used in pregnancy and appears to be safe for the fetus. [6] ZDV is of the nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) class. [6] It works by inhibiting the enzyme reverse transcriptase that HIV uses to make DNA and therefore decreases replication of the virus. [6] Zidovudine was first described in 1964. [7]
The trial followed 4758 heterosexual couples in Kenya and Uganda, in which one individual was HIV positive and the other was HIV negative. [97] The uninfected (HIV negative) partner was given either a once-daily tenofovir tablet, a once-daily combination tablet of tenofovir and emtricitabine, or a placebo tablet containing no antiretroviral drug.
A large concern for HIV-positive pregnant women is the risk of contracting tuberculosis (TB) and/or malaria, in developing countries. [28] 28% of maternal deaths are from obstructed labour and indirect causes, meaning diseases that complicate pregnancy or that are complicated by pregnancy (malaria, anemia, HIV/AIDS, and cardiovascular diseases ...
An HIV-positive sexual partner (especially if they have an unknown or detectable viral load); A bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the past 6 months. Patients reporting injection drug use within the last 6 months and any of the following: An HIV-positive injecting partner; Shared injection equipment.