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Hypothermia episodes in individuals with Shapiro syndrome can be expected to reoccur throughout their lifetimes. However, medications that regulate the hypothalamus, such as clonidine, can help with alleviating the hypothermic episodes. [5] Prognosis data is limited for Shapiro syndrome since less than 60 cases have been reported worldwide.
Hypothermia is the cause of at least 1,500 deaths a year in the United States. [2] It is more common in older people and males. [ 5 ] One of the lowest documented body temperatures from which someone with accidental hypothermia has survived is 12.7 °C (54.9 °F) in a 2-year-old boy from Poland named Adam. [ 6 ]
Physical activity in extremely hot weather should be avoided. If a person starts to experience over heating, and symptoms of heat syncope, they should move or be moved to a shaded or cool area. It is also recommended to avoid alcoholic beverages in hot weather, because they cause dehydration which may worsen symptoms.
Other rare causes of hyperthermia include thyrotoxicosis and an adrenal gland tumor, called pheochromocytoma, both of which can cause increased heat production. [2] Damage to the central nervous system from brain hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, status epilepticus, and other kinds of injury to the hypothalamus can also cause hyperthermia. [2]
Causes: Exposure to cold temperatures [6] Risk factors: Military occupation, recreational winter activities, homelessness, inadequate or wet clothing, substance abuse, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease [6] [7] Diagnostic method: Based on symptoms [1] [6] Differential diagnosis: Hypothermia, Raynaud's phenomenon, chilblains (pernio), cold ...
Cold agglutinin disease can be primary (unknown cause) or secondary, due to an underlying condition such as an infection, another autoimmune disease, or certain cancers. Treatment depends on many factors including the severity of the condition, the signs and symptoms present in each person, and the underlying cause.
Non-freezing cold injuries (NFCI) is a class of tissue damage caused by sustained exposure to low temperature without actual freezing. [1] There are several forms of NFCI, and the common names may refer to the circumstances in which they commonly occur or were first described, such as trench foot, which was named after its association with trench warfare.
Medications such as diuretics, antihypertensives, anticholinergics, and antidepressants can cause electrolyte imbalances, drug-induced hypohidrosis (reduced sweating), or drug-induced hyperhydrosis (excessive sweating). This disrupts the body's ability to regulate core temperature and increases the risk of heat exhaustion.