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Before 400 Roman authors use the term "Saxon" to refer to raiders from north of the Rhine delta, who troubled the coasts of the North Sea and English channel. [2] The area of present day England was part of the Roman province of Britannia from 43 AD until the 5th century, although starting from the crisis of the third century it was often ruled by Roman usurpers who were in conflict with the ...
The Normans persecuted the Anglo-Saxons and overthrew their ruling class to substitute their own leaders to oversee and rule England. [1] However, Anglo-Saxon identity survived beyond the Norman Conquest, [2] came to be known as Englishry under Norman rule, and through social and cultural integration with Romano-British Celts, Danes and Normans ...
In modern times, the term "Anglo-Saxons" is used by scholars to refer collectively to the Old English speaking groups in Britain. As a compound term, it has the advantage of covering the various English-speaking groups on the one hand, and to avoid possible misunderstandings from using the terms "Saxons" or "Angles" (English), both of which terms could be used either as collectives referring ...
Mercia (/ ˈ m ɜːr s i ə,-ʃ ə,-s i ə /, [1] [2] Old English: Miercna rīċe, "kingdom of the border people"; Latin: Merciorum regnum) was one of the three main Anglic kingdoms founded after Sub-Roman Britain was settled by Anglo-Saxons in an era called the Heptarchy.
A map of Jutish settlements in Britain circa 575. During the period after the Roman occupation and before the Norman conquest, people of Germanic descent arrived in Britain, ultimately forming England. [3] The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle provides what historians regard as foundation legends for Anglo-Saxon settlement. [4] [5]
An Anglo-Saxon soke that was first mentioned as a separate county in 1159. Shropshire: County of Salop Shrops, Salop [92] 16 Anglo-Saxon origins as a shire of the Kingdom of Mercia. Somerset: Somersetshire Som [92] [94] 7 Anglo-Saxon origins as a shire of Wessex with a documented history dating back to the reign of King Ine. Staffordshire
Cemeteries from this early Anglo-Saxon period have been found at Mitcham, Greenwich, Croydon, and Hanwell. [3] Rather than occupy the abandoned, overgrown Roman city, Anglo-Saxons at first preferred to settle outside the walls, only venturing inside to scavenge or explore. One Saxon poet called the Roman ruins "the work of giants". [4]
The Kingdom of England emerged from the gradual unification of the early medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdoms known as the Heptarchy: East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria, Kent, Essex, Sussex, and Wessex. The Viking invasions of the 9th century upset the balance of power between the English kingdoms, and native Anglo-Saxon life in general. The English ...