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Claiborne Pell. The Higher Education Amendments of 1972 reauthorized the three campus-based programs, leaving the Economic Opportunity Grant Program with the same name, but renaming the two others: the National Defense Student Loan Program became the National Direct Student Loan or Federal Direct Student Loan Program and the Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant Program ().
The racial achievement gap in the United States refers to disparities in educational achievement between differing ethnic/racial groups. [1] It manifests itself in a variety of ways: African-American and Hispanic students are more likely to earn lower grades, score lower on standardized tests, drop out of high school, and they are less likely to enter and complete college than whites, while ...
Federal Perkins Loan (Perkins Loan) Program: This is a school-based loan program for eligible students with exceptional financial need. Students may qualify for a Perkins Loan of up to $8,000 each year depending on financial need, the amount of other aid received, and the availability of funds at the school.
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One black student, Minnijean Brown, was expelled for retaliating against the bullying and harassment she received. [17] Ernest Green became the first black student to graduate from Central High in May 1958. When integration began on September 4, 1957, the Arkansas National Guard was called in to "preserve the peace".
In 1992, Cheryl Hopwood and three other white law school applicants challenged the University of Texas Law School's affirmative action program and claimed that they were rejected for the 1992–1993 academic year based upon their unfair preferences toward less qualified minority applicants. [84]
In parts of Asia and Latin America government funding for post-secondary education is lower – usually limited to flagship universities, like UNAM in Mexico – and government programs under which students can borrow money are uncommon. [53] In the United States, college is funded by government grants, scholarships, loans.